Mardin masallarının işlevsel açıdan değerlendirilmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2022
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Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Mezopotamya'nın kuzeyinde bulunan Mardin, tarihte birçok uygarlık ve kavme ev sahipliği yapmış, zengin bir halk kültürüne sahiptir. Bünyesinde barındırmış olduğu çeşitlilik, Mardin'in sözlü kültürüne, gelenek ve göreneklerine yansımıştır. Sözlü kültürün en önemli türlerinden biri olan masallar da kozmopolit bir yapıya sahip Mardin ilinde geçmişten bugüne farklı dillerde anlatılarak sürdürülmektedir. Kişilere müşterek bir kültürel şuur sunan masallar, evrensel olmakla kalmayıp bir toplumun yaşayışı, inancı, düşüncesi ve yaşam felsefesini yansıtmaktadır. Mardin, son zamanlarda masalla ilişki kurularak "masal şehir, bir masalın ilk cümlesi" şeklinde ifadelerle anılmaktadır. "Peki, masal şehrin masalları nerede?" araştırma sorusuyla başlayan çalışmada, Mardin masalları derlenerek kayıt altına alınmıştır. Analiz edilen elli masalla birlikte çalışmanın kuramsal çerçevesini "İşlevsel Halkbilim Kuramı" oluşturmaktadır. Mardin'den derlenen Süryanice, Kürtçe ve Arapça masallar, Türkiye Türkçesine aktarılmıştır. Aktarılan masallar, "Hoş Vakit Geçirme, Eğlenme ve Eğlendirme İşlevi, Değerlere, Toplum Kurumlarına ve Törelere Destek Verme İşlevi, Eğitim veya Kültürün Gelecek Kuşaklara Aktarılması İşlevi, Toplumsal ve Kişisel Baskılardan Kurtulma İşlevi" olarak bilinen William Bascom'un "folklorun dört işlevi"nin yanı sıra tespit edilen "Halkbilimsel Unsurları Aktarma İşlevi, Dili Koruma ve Dilsel Öğeleri Aktarma İşlevi, Yöre Tanıtımına Katkı Sağlama İşlevi, Bir Araya Gelme İşlevi, Sanala Yaklaşma-Sanaldan Uzaklaşma İşlevi, Bağlam Hakkında Bilgi Verme İşlevi, Anlatıcı Hakkında Bilgi Verme İşlevi, Süreklilik Sağlama İşlevi, Estetik İşlev ve Örtük İşlev" olmak üzere on ayrı işlev açısından incelenmiş ve değerlendirilmiştir. Kültürel anlamda toplumları ve bireyleri yansıtan masalın birden fazla işleve sahip olması, artık geri plana atılmış, unutulmaya yüz tutmuş bu türün sürdürülmesinin önemini göstermektedir.
Mardin, located in the north of Mesopotamia, has hosted many civilizations and tribes in history and has a rich folk culture. The diversity it contains is reflected in the oral culture, traditions and customs of Mardin. Tales, one of the most important types of oral culture, have been continued by being told in different languages from past to present in Mardin, which has a cosmopolitan structure. Tales, which present a common cultural consciousness to people, are not only universal, but also reflect the life, belief, thought and philosophy of life of a society. Mardin has recently been associated with fairy tales and has been referred to with expressions such as "tale city, the first sentence of a fairy tale." "Well, where are the fairy tales of the fairy-tale city?" In the study, which started with a research question, Mardin tales were compiled and recorded. The "Functional Folklore Theory" constitutes the theoretical framework of the study together with the fifty tales analyzed. The Syriac, Kurdish and Arabic tales compiled from Mardin were translated into Turkey Turkish. The tales quoted are the four functions of folklore, known as "The Function of Enjoying, Entertaining and Entertaining, Supporting Values, Social Institutions and Customs, Function of Transferring Education or Culture to Future Generations, and Escape from Social and Personal Pressures." as well as "The Function of Transferring Folkloric Elements, the Function of Preserving the Language and Transferring Linguistic Elements, the Function of Contributing to the Promotion of the Region, the Function of Gathering, the Function of Approaching the Virtual and Moving away from the Virtual, the Function of Giving Information about the Context, the Function of Providing Information about the Narrator, the Function of Providing Continuity, the Literary Function It has been examined and evaluated in terms of ten different functions, namely "Implicit Function and Implicit Function". The fact that the fairy tale, which reflects societies and individuals in a cultural sense, has more than one function, shows the importance of maintaining this genre, which is now on the verge of being forgotten.
Mardin, located in the north of Mesopotamia, has hosted many civilizations and tribes in history and has a rich folk culture. The diversity it contains is reflected in the oral culture, traditions and customs of Mardin. Tales, one of the most important types of oral culture, have been continued by being told in different languages from past to present in Mardin, which has a cosmopolitan structure. Tales, which present a common cultural consciousness to people, are not only universal, but also reflect the life, belief, thought and philosophy of life of a society. Mardin has recently been associated with fairy tales and has been referred to with expressions such as "tale city, the first sentence of a fairy tale." "Well, where are the fairy tales of the fairy-tale city?" In the study, which started with a research question, Mardin tales were compiled and recorded. The "Functional Folklore Theory" constitutes the theoretical framework of the study together with the fifty tales analyzed. The Syriac, Kurdish and Arabic tales compiled from Mardin were translated into Turkey Turkish. The tales quoted are the four functions of folklore, known as "The Function of Enjoying, Entertaining and Entertaining, Supporting Values, Social Institutions and Customs, Function of Transferring Education or Culture to Future Generations, and Escape from Social and Personal Pressures." as well as "The Function of Transferring Folkloric Elements, the Function of Preserving the Language and Transferring Linguistic Elements, the Function of Contributing to the Promotion of the Region, the Function of Gathering, the Function of Approaching the Virtual and Moving away from the Virtual, the Function of Giving Information about the Context, the Function of Providing Information about the Narrator, the Function of Providing Continuity, the Literary Function It has been examined and evaluated in terms of ten different functions, namely "Implicit Function and Implicit Function". The fact that the fairy tale, which reflects societies and individuals in a cultural sense, has more than one function, shows the importance of maintaining this genre, which is now on the verge of being forgotten.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Masal, Mardin, işlev, bağlam, Tale, Mardin, function, context, Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı, Turkish Language and Literature, Anadolu halk masalları, Anatolia folk tales, Sözlü kültür, Verbal culture
