AHKÂM DEFTERLERİNE GÖRE 18. YÜZYIL ORTALARINDA URFA/RUHA'DA YÜKSELEN YEREL GÜÇLER VE BUNLARIN DEVLET VE ÇEVRELERİYLE İLİŞKİLERİ
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Tarih
2018
Yazarlar
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Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Tarih Okulu Dergisi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
18. yüzyıl, Osmanlı Devleti yönetiminin yerel güçler lehine güç kaybettiği bir dönem olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Osmanlı toprak sistemi ve buna bağlı vergi sisteminin bu dönemde asli fonksiyonunu yitirdiği, kadimden gelen uygulamaların terk edilerek mali ihtiyaçların şekillendirdiği iş göremez köhne bir yapıya döndüğü sıklıkla tekrar edilen hususlardandır. Bu meyanda, devletin kontrol ve otorite boşluğunun yerel güçlerce doldurulduğu düşünülmektedir. Urfa/Ruha gibi aşiret ilişkilerinin güçlü olduğu idare sahalarında ayan ve eşraf yanında, aşiretli aileler de devlet kademesinde askeri unvanlar elde etmişlerdir. Bu sıfatlar, dergah-ı mualla kapıcılığı, alaybeyi, bölükbaşı gibi askeri rütbeler, çoğunlukla voyvoda gibi mali ve idari unvanlar, sipahi ve zaim gibi payelerdir. Zaman zaman aşiretli ailelerin ve aşiret mensuplarının meskun oldukları mahallerde karye ve nahiye ahalileriyle, bazen ise diğer ayan ve eşrafın oluşturduğu yerel askeri bürokrasiyle çatıştığı kaynaklardan takip edilebilmektedir. Bu haliyle Millizadeler, Fettahzadeler gibi yerel eşraf güçlerinin yanında Millî, Kîkî, Cihanbeyli (Canbegli), Karakeçi, Kırvarlı, Zırkî, Mirdasî, Berazî-Çûbî, Halallu, Gergerî, Badıllı, Pirlî, Şeyhan Abbas aşiretleri ve Bucak nahiyesi mensuplarının kendi aralarındaki çatışmalarına veya devlet önündeki durumlarına dikkat çekilecektir. Çalışma, 1 ve 2 numaralı Diyarbekir Ahkâm Defteri’nden elde edilen 1742-1763 yıllarına tarihlenen bazı belgelere dayanmaktadır. Çalışma, coğrafi olarak Ruha, Siverek, Nizip, Harput, Suruç, Rakka ve Amid idari sahalarını kapsamaktadır
18th century is evaluated as a period when Ottoman Empire’s administration lost its power on behalf of the local powers. It is one of the repeated points that Ottoman ground system and so the tax system lost their main function in the period, and they turned into a non-functional fusty structure that the financial needs were formed as the ancient implementations were given up. Moreover, it is thought that the state’s control and authority gaps were filled with the local powers. The families with a tribe obtained the military positions in the state as well as the landed proprietor and gentries in the administrative areas where the tribal relations such as Urfa/Ruha were strong. These positions are the military ranks such as being big gate keeper, the commandant of timariots, the commandant in the guild of janissaries, mostly financial and administrative positions such as voivodina, degrees such as the cavalryman and feofee. It can be seen from the sources that the town and district people had conflict with the local military bureaucracy which included the other landed proprietor and gentries in the quarters that the families with a tribe and the members of an tribe dwelled on. So it will be pointed on the conflicts between the tribes such as Milli, Kiki, Cihanbeyli, Karakeçi, Kırvarlı, Zırki, Mirdasi, Berazi-Cubi, Halallu, Gergeri, Badıllı, Pirli, Şeyhan Abbas with the local gentry power such as Millizades and Fettahzades and the members of district, Bucak or on their situations in front of the state. The study is based on some of the documents which were obtained from The Verdict Register with 1 and 2 numbers in Diyarbekir and which were dated to the years of 1742-1763. The study includes the administrative areas geographically in Ruha, Siverek, Nizip, Harput, Suruç, Rakka and Amid.
18th century is evaluated as a period when Ottoman Empire’s administration lost its power on behalf of the local powers. It is one of the repeated points that Ottoman ground system and so the tax system lost their main function in the period, and they turned into a non-functional fusty structure that the financial needs were formed as the ancient implementations were given up. Moreover, it is thought that the state’s control and authority gaps were filled with the local powers. The families with a tribe obtained the military positions in the state as well as the landed proprietor and gentries in the administrative areas where the tribal relations such as Urfa/Ruha were strong. These positions are the military ranks such as being big gate keeper, the commandant of timariots, the commandant in the guild of janissaries, mostly financial and administrative positions such as voivodina, degrees such as the cavalryman and feofee. It can be seen from the sources that the town and district people had conflict with the local military bureaucracy which included the other landed proprietor and gentries in the quarters that the families with a tribe and the members of an tribe dwelled on. So it will be pointed on the conflicts between the tribes such as Milli, Kiki, Cihanbeyli, Karakeçi, Kırvarlı, Zırki, Mirdasi, Berazi-Cubi, Halallu, Gergeri, Badıllı, Pirli, Şeyhan Abbas with the local gentry power such as Millizades and Fettahzades and the members of district, Bucak or on their situations in front of the state. The study is based on some of the documents which were obtained from The Verdict Register with 1 and 2 numbers in Diyarbekir and which were dated to the years of 1742-1763. The study includes the administrative areas geographically in Ruha, Siverek, Nizip, Harput, Suruç, Rakka and Amid.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Urfa/Ruha, Ayan-Eşraf, Milli Aşireti, Karakeçi Aşireti, Fettahzadeler, Urfa/Ruha, notables-ashraf, Milli tribe, Karakeci tribe, Fettahzades
Kaynak
Tarih Okulu Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
11
Sayı
36
Künye
GÜMÜŞ E (2018). AHKÂM DEFTERLERİNE GÖRE 18. YÜZYIL ORTALARINDA URFA/RUHA'DA YÜKSELEN YEREL GÜÇLER VE BUNLARIN DEVLET VE ÇEVRELERİYLE İLİŞKİLERİ. Tarih Okulu Dergisi, 11(36), 104 - 129.
