Covıd-19 sürecinin sosyo-ekonomik etkileri üzerine kümeleme analizi ile bir inceleme
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
İnsanlık tarihi boyunca toplumları en çok etkileyen olaylardan bir tanesi de bulaşıcı hastalıklardır. Bu hastalıklar, insan sağlığı kadar ülkelerin ekonomik ve sosyal yapısı üzerinde de önemli tahribatlar yaratmaktadır. Nitekim tarihi deneyimler, pandemilerin devletin yıkılması, hükümetlerin değişmesi gibi siyasi, üretim ve istihdam yapısının bozulması gibi ekonomik, kitlesel göç ve ölümler gibi demografik sonuçlar doğurabildiğini göstermektedir. Yapılan araştırmalar ve geleceğe dönük bilimsel tahminler, geçmişte yaşanan bu tecrübelerin birer döngü niteliğine sahip olduğunu, bugün ve gelecekte de benzer olayların varlığını sürdüreceğini göstermektir. Fakat bilimsel araştırmalar ve teknolojik buluşların yanı sıra küresel refahın artışı ve yaşam koşullarının iyileşmesi, salgın hastalıklarla daha etkili mücadele edilerek dünya nüfusunda hızlı bir artışın yaşanmasına neden olmuştur. Nitekim 1900'lü yıllarda 1,5 milyon olarak bilinen dünya nüfusu, 2022 yılında 7 milyarı aşmıştır. Tüm bu bilimsel ilerlemelerle birlikte nüfusta yaşanan artışa rağmen refah ve gelir dağılımının ülkelerin kendi yurttaşları ve diğer ülkeler arasında gösterdiği farklılık, birçok kamu hizmetinin tüm bireylere eşit erişimi önünde engel yaratmaktadır. 21. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğini tamamlamak üzere iken ortaya çıkan ve varlığını hızlı bir şekilde devam ettiren COVID-19 pandemisi yarattığı etkilerle birçok bilim dalında olduğu gibi sosyal bilimlerde de önemli bir araştırma konusu haline gelmiştir. İktisatta bu araştırma alanlarından biridir. Zira pandemi sürecinde küreselleşmenin ciddi bir yara aldığı ve hemen hemen bütün sektörlerin bu salgından etkilendiği, dünya genelinde iflasların arttığı, bu iflasların çoğunlukla hizmet sektöründe geçici ve güvencesiz çalışanları daha da yoksullaştırdığı gözlenmiştir. Bu nedenle küresel ölçekte dünya ekonomisini etkileyen bu virüsün, sosyal yapı üzerinde de etki yaratması kaçınılmaz görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'ye ait istatistiksel göstergelerle COVID-19 pandemisinin sosyoekonomik etkilerini ortaya koymanın yanı sıra yapılan kümeleme analizi ile de Türkiye'nin OECD ülkeleri arasındaki durumunu incelemektir. Bu inceleme esnasında Türkiye'ye ait ekonomik ve sosyal veriler tablolar halinde sunulurken, benzer verilerin diğer ülkelerdeki durumuna da yer verilmiş; böylelikle COVID-19 pandemisinin ekonomik ve sosyal etkilerinin çok boyutlu olarak irdelenmesi de hedeflenmiştir. Çalışma bulgularına göre; pandemisinin olumsuz ekonomik ve sosyal etkilerini bertaraf edebilmek için Türkiye'nin eğitim ve sağlık alanında yeniden sosyal devletin gerektirdiği politikalara yönelmesi ve sosyal politikalara öncelik verilmesi büyük önem arz etmektedir.
One of the events that most affect societies throughout human history is infectious diseases. These diseases cause significant damage to the economic and social structure of countries as well as human health. As a matter of fact, historical experiences show that pandemics can have political consequences such as the collapse of the state, changes in governments, economic consequences such as the deterioration of the production and employment structure, and demographic consequences such as mass migration and deaths. Researches and scientific predictions for the future show that these past experiences have the nature of a cycle and that similar events will continue to exist today and in the future. However, in addition to scientific research and technological inventions, the increase in global welfare and the improvement of living conditions have caused a rapid increase in the world population by fighting epidemic diseases more effectively. As a matter of fact, the world population, known as 1.5 million in the 1900s, has exceeded 7 billion in 2022. Despite the increase in population with all these scientific advances, the difference between the welfare and income distribution of countries between their own citizens and other countries creates an obstacle to the equal access of many public services to all individuals. The COVID-19 pandemic, which emerged when the first quarter of the 20st century was about to finish and continues its existence rapidly, has become an important research topic in social sciences as well as in many branches of science. Economics is one of these research areas. Because, it has been observed that globalization has suffered a serious injury during the pandemic process and almost all sectors have been affected by this epidemic, bankruptcies have increased throughout the world, and these bankruptcies have made temporary and precarious workers poorer, mostly in the service sector. For this reason, it is inevitable that this virus, which affects the world economy on a global scale, will also have an impact on the social structure. The aim of this study is to reveal the socioeconomic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic with statistical indicators of Turkey, as well as to examine the situation of Turkey among OECD countries with a cluster analysis. During this review, while the economic and social data of Turkey were presented in tables, the situation of similar data in other countries was also included; Thus, it is aimed to examine the economic and social effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in a multidimensional way. According to the study findings; in order to eliminate the negative economic and social effects of the pandemic, it is of great importance for Turkey to turn to the policies required by the social state in the field of education and health and to give priority to social policies.
One of the events that most affect societies throughout human history is infectious diseases. These diseases cause significant damage to the economic and social structure of countries as well as human health. As a matter of fact, historical experiences show that pandemics can have political consequences such as the collapse of the state, changes in governments, economic consequences such as the deterioration of the production and employment structure, and demographic consequences such as mass migration and deaths. Researches and scientific predictions for the future show that these past experiences have the nature of a cycle and that similar events will continue to exist today and in the future. However, in addition to scientific research and technological inventions, the increase in global welfare and the improvement of living conditions have caused a rapid increase in the world population by fighting epidemic diseases more effectively. As a matter of fact, the world population, known as 1.5 million in the 1900s, has exceeded 7 billion in 2022. Despite the increase in population with all these scientific advances, the difference between the welfare and income distribution of countries between their own citizens and other countries creates an obstacle to the equal access of many public services to all individuals. The COVID-19 pandemic, which emerged when the first quarter of the 20st century was about to finish and continues its existence rapidly, has become an important research topic in social sciences as well as in many branches of science. Economics is one of these research areas. Because, it has been observed that globalization has suffered a serious injury during the pandemic process and almost all sectors have been affected by this epidemic, bankruptcies have increased throughout the world, and these bankruptcies have made temporary and precarious workers poorer, mostly in the service sector. For this reason, it is inevitable that this virus, which affects the world economy on a global scale, will also have an impact on the social structure. The aim of this study is to reveal the socioeconomic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic with statistical indicators of Turkey, as well as to examine the situation of Turkey among OECD countries with a cluster analysis. During this review, while the economic and social data of Turkey were presented in tables, the situation of similar data in other countries was also included; Thus, it is aimed to examine the economic and social effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in a multidimensional way. According to the study findings; in order to eliminate the negative economic and social effects of the pandemic, it is of great importance for Turkey to turn to the policies required by the social state in the field of education and health and to give priority to social policies.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
COVID-19, Pandemi, Sosyoekonomik etki, Kümeleme analizi, COVID-19, Pandemic, Socioeconomic impacts, Cluster analysis, Ekonomi, Economics, Ekonomi politikaları, Economic policies, Kamu ekonomisi, Public economy, Sağlık ekonomisi, Health economics, İstatistiksel grafikler, Statistical graphics
