Tohumculuk Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12514/110

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Investigation of yield stability of wheat varieties in different locations by AMMI and GGE-biplot analysis
(Springer, 2024) Tiryakioğlu, Murat; Aktaş, Hüsnü; Akçalı, Cem Tufan; Şahin, Cenk Burak
The aim of the study was to determine the structure of GEI in the investigated parameters and to investigate the performance stability of durum wheat varieties using the GGE biplot and AMMI analysis method. The study was carried out in four different locations (Diyarbakır-1, Diyarbakır-2, Hatay, and Şanlıurfa) using 31 durum wheat genotypes under rainfed conditions. Field experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. As a result of the study, it was determined that there was a significant difference between locations in terms of grain yield. The highest grain yield was obtained from Diyarbakır-1 (6797 kg ha-1) location, followed by Hatay (4584 kg ha-1), Diyarbakır-2 (2512 kg ha-1) and Şanlıurfa (2026 kg ha-1), respectively. Significant variations in grain yield were detected among the examined genotypes, and Artuklu and Zühre had the highest grain yields (4774 and 4501 kg ha-1). Again, Artuklu and Zühre were the most stable varieties in terms of their performance in different locations. Diyarbakır-1 has come to the fore as the location where the variation between genotypes can be best detected. As a result, more data should be provided to plant breeders in the selection studies by considering the irrigated conditions as a factor in the studies to be carried out and determining the stable cultivars in terms of grain yield in both precipitation-based and irrigated conditions.
Makarnalık Yerel Buğday Genotiplerinin (Triticum durum L.) Bazı Tarımsal Özellikler Bakımından Karakterizasyonu
(Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, 2023) Durmaz, Abdurrahman; Aktaş, Hüsnü
Bu çalışma, 2019-2020 buğday yetiştirme sezonunda Mardin ili Artuklu İlçesi yağışa dayalı şartlarında Augmented Deneme Desenine göre planlanarak Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesine özgü 80 adet yerel makarnalık ve 10 adet standart çeşit kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Deneme, her blokta 20 adet yerel genotip ve 10 adet kontrol çeşit olacak şekilde düzenlenmiştir. Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesine özgü bu yerel makarnalık çeşitlerin karakterizasyonunun amaçlandığı çalışmada; yerel buğday çeşitlerinin ve kontrol çeşitlerinin alınan gözlemleri sırasıyla tane verimi 229 kg/da- 371 kg/da; biyolojik verimleri 1313 kg/da –1218 kg/da; bin tane ağırlıkları 42.9 g – 40.15 g, başaklanma gün sayısı 117.8 gün-111 gün; protein oranı % 18.02 - % 14.94 arasında değişmiştir. Elde edilen verilere göre, yerel buğday çeşitlerinin bitki boyu, biyolojik verim, tanede protein oranı bakımından kontrol çeşitlerinden daha yüksek değerlere sahip olduğu tespit edilirken, tane verimi bakımından ise kontrol çeşitlerin daha yüksek değerlere sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yerel çeşitlerin, modern ıslah çeşitlerine göre daha geç başaklandığı ve yeşil kalma süresinin daha uzun olduğu gözlemlendiği çalışmada, yerel çeşitlerin daha çok kışlık gelişme tabiatına sahip özellikler taşıdığı, özellikle tanede protein oranın ve biyolojik verimin artırılması çalışmalarında gen kaynağı olarak kullanılabilecek çok sayıda potansiyel yerel çeşit olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen verileri GGE biblot analiz metodolojisine göre değerlendirilmiş, yapılan değerlendirmede, tane verimi (TV), başakta tane sayısı (BSTS), başakta tane ağırlığı bakımından ST8 (kontrol) G80 (yerel) genotipleri en yüksek değerlere sahip olmuşlardır. Yerel genotipler bin tane ağırlığı (BTA), peduncle uzunluğu (PU), bitki boyu, tanede protein oranı (TPO), biyolojik verim (BV) ve başaklanma gün sayısı (BGS) bakımından daha yüksek değerlere sahip olurken, bu özellikler açısından G8 (yerel) en yüksek değerlere sahip olmuştur. İncelenen özellikler bakımından geniş bir varyasyona sahip olduğu tespit edilen bu yerel çeşitlerinin korunması ve gelecek kuşaklara aktarılması konusunun önemli olduğu ve aynı zamanda ulusal ve uluslararası buğday ıslah programlarında kullanılabilecek yararlı özelliklere sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Stripe rust resistance gene Yr15 in Turkish and Kazakhstan wheat germplasms and the potential of Turkish wild emmer for stripe rust breeding
(Institute for Ionics, 2023) Baloch, Faheem Shehzad; Ali, Amjad; Tajibayev, Daniyar; Nadeem, Muhammad Azhar; Ölmez, Fatih; Aktaş, Hüsnü; Alsaleh, Ahmad; Cömertpay, Gönül; İmren, Mustafa
Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is a devastating obligate fungal biotroph that causes stripe rust disease in wheat in temperate and cooler regions, especially in Kazakhstan and Turkey. Chemical control of Pst is not a sustainable or economic strategy in these countries. Therefore, a suitable alternative to these pesticides, such as the development of resistant wheat cultivars, is needed. During the present investigation, a large set of wheat germplasms was characterized to determine the presence of the broad-spectrum resistance Yr15 gene using Y15K1_F2/uhw30_1R primers. This collection contained 360 accessions including 233 durum and bread wheat collected from KASIB cultivars and advanced lines that were developed by eight breeding programs within the Kazakhstan-Siberia Wheat Improvement Network and Turkey, and 127 wild emmer collected from Turkey only. The positive control was wild emmer IDs WEW 83-1, WEW 84-1, and WEW-85, which previously showed positive amplification of the Yr15 gene with these primers. Yr15, a broad-spectrum R-gene derived from wild emmer wheat encoding a putative kinase-pseudokinase protein designated as wheat tandem kinase 1, comprises a unique R-gene structure in wheat against the yellow (stripe) rust. None of the tested cultivated wheat germplasms from 174 durum wheat of the KASIB Network or 59 of bread wheat from Turkey showed positive amplification, but 89 of 127 (70.07%) wild Triticum dicoccoides showed positive amplification. The collection from the Karacadağ regions showed the maximum number of genotypes (46) with positive amplification for Yr15, followed by Eruh (10), Şırnak (5), Malazgir-Tunceli (4), Tunceli (4), Şırnak-Uludere yol (3), Tunceli-Pülümür (3), and Karacadağ/Kerteş Köyü –Siverek (3). We conclude that wild wheat cultivars are a good source of the Yr15 gene and that introgression of this gene into the cultivated wheat germplasm of both countries should be performed to manage the Pst pathogen in the future
Dose optimization of foliar applied gibberellic acid for newly developed of hybrid rice lines in Egypt
(Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 2020) Kızılgeçi, Ferhat; Omar, Abd Elhamid Mohamed; Khalifa, Mohammed Abdelmonem; Elhity, Mahmoud Abdelhamid; Yousef, Mahmoud; Öztürk, Ferhat; Islam, M S; EL Sabagh, Ayman
Gibberellic acid (GA3) plays a vital role in boosting hybrid rice yield, however, fresh research needs to be done for its dose optimization especially for newly developed hybrid rice lines. To fill this research gap, an investigation was conducted at the experimental farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt during two growing seasons of 2017 and 2018. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of GA3 application on hybrid rice lines for boosting seed production. Egyptian hybrid No.l and G46 A/Giza 178 R were the hybrid rice lines, while GA3 in four doses viz. 0, 250, 300 and 350 g/ha were applied. The experimental design was split plot with three replications, where the main plot was devoted to hybrid rice lines, while the subplots had different doses of GA3. The results showed that the best desirable values for the studied characteristics especially for hybrid seed yield (2.5 t/ha) were recorded of the hybrid combination IR69625/Giza 178 followed by G46A/Gizal78 with the highest dose of GA3. It is concluded that foliage application of GA3@ 350 g/ha has the potential to enhance hybrid rice seed production, while hybrid rice line Giza 178 can be recommended for general adoption in the irrigated regions of Egypt.
Growth and physiological traits of five bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes are influenced by different levels of salinity and drought stress
(Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 2020) Kızılgeçi, Ferhat; Mokhtari, Negar Ebrahim Pour; Hossain, Akbar
Turgor maintenance through osmotic adjustment can play a vital role in plant tolerance to drought and salinity. As per the evidence of the previous study, chemical polyethylene glycol (PEG) can create physiological drought under both salinity and water deficit conditions. Therefore, PEG is used for forcefully create osmotic stress to find out drought and salinity resistant crop cultivars at the early stage. Considering the essential role of PEG, the current observation was undertaken for understanding the effects of drought and salinity stress on several bread wheat genotypes at early developmental stage particularly during the seedling stage. Five bread wheat genotypes including four varieties such as 'Tekirdag', 'Ceyhan 99', 'Dinc', 'Empire Plus' and a line 'DZ17-1' were used as seed material. To find out the genotypes which are tolerant to drought and salinity, all wheat genotypes were evaluated in four different concentration of NaCl for salinity stress (i.e., 0, 4, 8 and 12 dS/m) and four different concentration of PEG 6000 (i.e., 0, -0.2, -0.4, -0.6 MPa) for drought stress. All treatments were organised in a completely randomized design (CRD) and repeated three times. After observation, it is revealed that bread wheat cultivars 'Dinc' and 'Ceyhan 99' were found tolerant of both drought and salinity stress at the seedling stage. The study also noticed that understanding of seedlings growth such as mean germination time (MGT), coleoptile length, seedling height, root length and relative water content (RWC) allow the selection of genotypes tolerance to drought and salinity. The information from the study will be helpful for examination of wheat genotypes which are suitable to cultivate under osmotic stress of both drought and salinity stress condition.

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