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Öğe Effects of acute carbon monoxide posioning on liver damage and comparisons of related oxygen therapies in a rat model(Taylor & Francis, 2024) Gökdemir, Gül Şahika; Şeker, Uğur; Demirtaş, Berjan; Taşkın, SeyhanAcute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning may cause liver damage and liver dysfunction. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to compare the efficiency of normobaric (NBO) and high flow nasal cannula oxygen (HFNCO) treatments on liver injury. For that purpose, twenty-eight male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups (Control, CO, CO + NBO, CO + HFNCO). The control group was allowed to breath room air for 30 min. Acute CO poisoning in CO, CO + NBO, CO + HFNCO was induced by CO exposure for 30 min. Thereafter, NBO group received 100% normobaric oxygen with reservoir mask for 30 min. HFNCO group received high-flow oxygen through nasal cannula for 30 min. At the end of the experiment, all animals were sacrificed by cardiac puncture under anesthasia. Serum liver function tests were measured. Liver tissue TAS, TOS and OSI levels, tissue histomorphology and immunoexpression levels of Bax, Caspase 3, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB were also examined. Our observations indicated that acute CO poisoning caused significant increases in blood COHb, serum AST, ALT, ALP, total protein, albumin, globulin levels but a decrease in albumin to globulin ratio (all, p < 0.05). Furthermore, acute CO poisoning significantly increased the OSI value, and the immunoexpresssion of Bax, Caspase 3, TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB in liver tissue (all, p < 0.05). These pathological changes in serum and liver tissue were alleviated through both of the treatment methods. In conclussion, both the NBO and HFNCO treatments were beneficial to alleviate the acute CO poisoning associated with liver injury and dysfunction.Öğe Physiopathology of allergic diseases and their relation to circadian rhythm(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2024) Gökdemir, Gül ŞahikaAllergic diseases have become a major health problem in modern society. These diseases are caused by an overreaction of the immune system and are often triggered by exposure to environmental allergens. Allergic diseases include asthma, allergicrhinitis, eczema, food allergies, and anaphylaxis. In recent years, research on the effectof circadian rhythm on the immune system has shown that there is an important relationship between the pathophysiology of allergic diseases and circadian rhythm. The pathophysiology of allergic diseases begins with responses to the immune system and the effect of allergens. The immune system is a complex network that regulates the response of immune cells. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies play an important role inreactions of hypersensitivity to allergens. Exposure to allergens triggers the activation of mast cells and basophils, resulting in the release of inflammatory mediators. The circadian rhythm is an internal clock system that regulates the 24-hour cycle of biological processes. The human body adapts various physiological and metabolic processes to this rhythm. The relationship of allergic diseases with the circadian rhythmis related to their effects on both the immune system and tissue and organ function. The circulation and activity of immune cells can change depending on the circadian rhythm. These changes can influence the immune system's response to exposure to allergens. In addition, the symptoms and severity of allergic diseases are also related to the circadian rhythm. Some studies have shown that allergic symptoms increase at night or in the morning. This suggests that the circadian rhythm may influence the severity of allergic reactions by affecting the release of immunoglobulins, the inflammatory response, and bronchial hyperreactivity. This chapter aims to provide researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals with an important resource on recent research findings that advance our understanding of the relationship between the pathophysiology of allergic diseases and the relationship between circadian rhythm.Öğe Prognostic significance of the chemerin level in coronavirus disease 2019 patients(Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc., 2024) Gökdemir, Gül Şahika; Gökdemir, Mehmet Tahir; Araç, Songül; Yokuş, BeranIncreased serum chemerin levels have been reported in several inflammatory diseases. Few studies have investigated the relationship between chemerin and clinical features of COVID-19. Thus, chemerin may modulate the development and progression of COVID-19. We compared the serum chemerin concentration between patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection and its association with the severity and prognosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. This is a prospective, single-center, cross-sectional study. We enrolled COVID-19 patients who presented to our tertiary hospital and healthy controls. The COVID-19 patients were conducted and the dates of symptom onset were recorded. After admission to the hospital and stabilization, blood samples were obtained for routine hemogram, biochemistry, and chemerin. The chemerin level was 37.93 ± 17.3 ng/mL in patients followed in the ICU, 29.41 ± 12.79 ng/mL in inpatients, 30.48 ± 10.86 ng/mL in outpatients, and 25.12 ± 9.82 ng/mL in healthy controls. The difference between patients treated in the ICU and healthy controls was significant (P < .001). The high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), ferritin, procalcitonin (PCT), and D-dimer levels were significantly higher in the intensive care unit (ICU) group (P < .001). Moreover, the chemerin level of patients who died was significantly higher than that of those who survived (P < .001). The chemerin level was increased in COVID-19 patients and also increased with increasing disease severity. The chemerin level was higher in the COVID-19 patients than healthy controls and was significantly higher in patients who died compared to those who did not.Öğe EFFECT OF METFORMIN ON MUSCLE ATROPHY IN EXPERIMENTAL DIABETIC RATS(2023) Gökdemir.Gül Şahika; Keşim, Dilek Aygül; Gökdemir, Mehmet Tahir; Baylan,MukadderBackground: Although first-line biguanide metformin is frequently administered to T2DM patients, the effects of long-term use on muscle are unknown. This study aimed to examine the effect of metformin-treated diabetes on muscle atrophy in experimental diabetic rats. Materials and methods: Twenty-one Wistar albino male rats in 3 groups were included in our research. Insulin resistance HOMA-IR, mTOR, and Myostatin levels and gastrocnemius weight were measured. Results: Myostatin level was significantly higher in the non-medicated diabetes group than in the healthy control group (p<0.001). Moreover, myostatin level was significantly lower in the metformin group (p=0.001). The weight of gastrocnemius was significantly lower in both the metformin-treated and non-metformin-treated diabetic groups compared to the control group (p<0.001 for both groups). Moreover, the gastrocnemius weight was significantly higher in the metformin group than in the non-medicated group (p=0.004). The HOME-IR level had a significantly negative correlation with the mTOR level (R=-0.783; P<0.001) and a positive correlation with the myostatin level (R=0.622; P=0.003). Conclusion: Our evidence and data support that metformin may be effective in preventing muscle wasting. To conclude, this study showed that metformin has anti-atrophic effects on muscles in diabetes and that metformin can prevent muscle mass loss.Öğe Importance of curcumin effect and asprosin level on glucose metabolism in diabetic rats(2023) Gökdemir, Gül Şahika; Gökdemir, Mehmet Tahir; Taşdemir, Ezel; Beran, Yokuş; Baylan,MukadderAsprosin is a new hormone secreted mainly from white adipose tissue. It may be associated with the pathogenesis of obesity, diabetes and some metabolic diseases. The changes in plasma asprosin levels of experimental diabetic rats and the relation of these changes with liver glucose metabolism and some diabetes parameters were investigated, and the effects of metformin, gliclazide or curcumin treatment on plasma asprosin levels were tried. The study was designed as an animal model in diabetic rats The albino rats were divided into five groups. To induce diabetes, a single dose of STZ was injected intraperitoneally. Diabetics rats were treated intragastrically with metformin (D+Metformin group), gliclazide (D+Giliclazide group) or 20 curcumin (D+Curcumin group) for eight weeks. Fasting blood glucose, insulin levels and other parameters were measured. Plasma asporsin levels of untreated diabetic rats increased significantly (P<.001). Although the plasma asprosin levels of diabetic rats treated with the rugs were significantly lower (P<.001). Fasting blood glucose levels of diabetic rats treated with the drugs were found to be remarkably lower than the diabetic control values (P<.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in the insulin levels and HOMAIR between these three groups. Curcumin treatment provides significant improvements in plasma asprosin level and diabetes parameters. The increase in plasma asprosin level in diabetic rats may be one of the main reasons that facilitate the development of the disease or is responsible for its pathogenesis. Our findings support the idea that curcumin may be an important treatment option for diabetes.Öğe The Effect of Gliclazide use on BDNF and NGF Levels in Rats with Diabetes Mellitus(2023) Gökdemir.Gül Şahika; Baylan,MukadderObjective: In this study, the effects of gliclazides, a second generation sulfonylurea group, on BDNF and NGF plasma levels, which are considered neurodegeneration biomarkers, will be examined. When designing our study, we assumed that gliazides might have positive neuronal effects. Thus, the possible positive effects of gliclazide will be emphasized in our study. Methods: In the experiment, 21 adult male Wistar-Albino rats were used. Serum BDNF and NGF levels were determined by analyzing with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit in accordance with the recommendations. Results: BDNF levels were significantly lower in gliclazide-treated diabetic rats and nonmedicated diabetic rats compared to the healthy control group (p=0.017, p<0.001, respectively). Although the BDNF level of rats with diabetes given gliclazide was increased compared to rats with and without diabetes, this difference was not significant (p=0.107). Similarly, NGF levels were significantly lower in rats given gliclazide (p=0.009) and diabetic rats not given gliclazide (p=0.001) compared to the healthy control group. When the diabetic groups were compared among themselves, although the NGF level was increased in the gliclazide group, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.638). The differences between the groups were significant in cyclic AMP regulatory element binding (p<0.001), c-FOS (p<0.001), amyloid precursor protein (p<0.001), B-SECRETASE1 (p=0.004), and doublecortin (p<0.001) levels. Conclusion: As a result, serum BDNF and NGF levels were significantly higher in non-diabetic healthy control group rats than in diabetic rats. While low serum levels of BDNF and NGF neurotrophins, which increase in neurodegeneration, were observed in diabetic rats, this level was observed to be higher in diabetic rats given gliclazide.Öğe Endokrin Sistem Fizyolojisi(Akademisyen Kitapevi, 2023) Gökdemir, Gül ŞahikaEndokrin Sistem FizyolojisiÖğe Clınıcal Sıgnıfıcance of HDL-C Values And Routıne Parameters Of Inflammatıon Such As Hs-Crp, Lenfocyte And Neutrofıl Ratıos In Covıd-19 Patıents(İZMİR ATATÜRK EĞİTİM HASTANESİ TIP DERGİSİ, 2023) Gökdemir, Gül Şahika; Nas, CemalObjective: The study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, alongside markers including the neutrophil/HDL-C ratio (NHR) and lymphocyte/HDL-C ratio (LHR), on the mortality of COVID-19 patients. It also examined the potential clinical application of these biomarkers in the management of future healthcare crises, despite the end of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were retrospectively analysed between March 2020 and August 2022. A total of 367 patients were categorised into two groups: survivors (group 2) and non-survivors (group 1). Patient demographics, biochemical and haematological parameters obtained from blood samples, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte/HDL-C ratio (MHR), NHR, LHR, platelet/HDL-C ratio (PHR) were calculated. Patient data were analysed using SPSS 26 and statistical differences of P<0.05 were considered significant. Results: Among the patients analyzed in the study, the living group constituted 89.9% of individuals, while the deceased group represented 10.1%. The neutrophil levels were significantly higher in the deceased group, and NLR and NHR values were statistically significant (P<0.001 and P=0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in HDL-C levels. Moreover, no significant differences in LHR, MHR, and PHR levels were observed between groups. The hs-CRP levels were significantly higher in the deceased (P<0.001). Correlation analysis indicated a negative correlation between HDL-C and LHR and NHR, and significant correlations were found for other markers. ROC analysis showed that LHR and NHR were significant in discriminating deceased patients. Conclusion: Biochemical and haematological parameters, especially markers such as NLR and NHR, can potentially be used to assess the risk of death in COVID-19 patients. These markers may be valuable in predicting the prognosis of patients and could be used in future similar health crises.Öğe Response of Zinc Levels During Aerobic Exercise: A Special Connection between Increased Metabolic Stress and Altered Oxidant to Antioxidant Balance(Anatolia Sport Research, 2022) Kaya,Hüsamettin; Uğraş, Seda; Özdenk, ÇağrıABSTRACT Aim: It was aimed to evaluate aerobic exercise induced metabolic stress on plasma zinc levels and its connection with oxidant antioxidant status. Material and Method: Thirty sedentary male performed a 45 minutes of running exercise at the work load correspond to lactate threshold reflecting moderate aerobic intensity. Blood samples were taken before and after exercise. Plasma zinc, malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured using HPLC and ELISA kits. Results: Exercise resulted significant decreases in zinc levels which is closely associated with increased TOS and MDA levels. Conclusion: Zinc shows great influence on aerobic exercise induced increased metabolic stress as indicated with significant alteration in TOS, TAS and MDA levels. Thus zinc supplement should be considered during long period high intensity exercise to support muscle damaged. Keywords: Exercise, Zinc, Oxidative stress, TAS, TOS ÖZET Amaç: Aerobik egzersize bağlı metabolik stresin plazma çinko düzeyleri ve oksidan antioksidan durumu ile ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Otuz sedanter erkek, orta derecede aerobik yoğunluğu yansıtan laktat eşiğine karşılık gelen iş yükünde 45 dakikalık koşu egzersizi yaptı. Egzersiz öncesi ve sonrası kan örnekleri alındı. Plazma çinko, malondialdehit (MDA), toplam oksidan durumu (TOS) ve toplam antioksidan durumu (TAS), HPLC ve ELISA kitleri kullanılarak ölçüldü. Bulgular: Egzersiz, artan TOS ve MDA seviyeleri ile yakından ilişkili olan çinko seviyelerinde önemli düşüşlere neden oldu. Sonuç: Çinko, TOS, TAS ve MDA düzeylerinde önemli değişiklik ile belirtildiği gibi, aerobik egzersizin neden olduğu artan metabolik stres üzerinde büyük bir etki göstermektedir. Bu nedenle, uzun süreli yüksek yoğunluklu egzersiz sırasında hasarlı kasları desteklemek için çinko takviyesi düşünülmelidir.Öğe Evaluation of the pleth variability index, perfusion index, and other physiological parameters after COVID-19(Verduci Editore srl, 2023) Gökdemir, Gül ŞahikaObjective: The aim of this study was to observe the changes in pleth variability index (PVI), perfusion index (PI) and other hemodynamic parameters in adult individuals who had had Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and were currently living a normal life. A further aim was to draw attention to the fact that some hemodynamic changes after COVID-19 may cause long-term health problems. Patients and methods: A total of 174 adult individuals who had had COVID-19 and were currently living a normal life and 56 healthy individuals with similar demographic characteristics who had not had COVID-19 were included in the study. The PI, PVI, oxygen saturation (SpO2), pulse rate (PR), total hemoglobin (Hgb), oxygen reserve index (ORI), and blood pressure values were measured by Masimo Radical 7. The data of individuals who had and did not have COVID-19 before were compared. Results: The mean PVI (p = 0.008) and PI (p < 0.001) were significantly lower in people who had been exposed to COVID-19. Likewise, the mean of ORI, SpO2, and SpOC values was observed to be significantly lower in participants exposed to COVID-19 disease (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.006, respectively). The PVI had a positive correlation with body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.263, p < 0.001) and a negative correlation with SpO2 (r = -0.194, p = 0.003) and PR (r = 0.190, p = 0.004). Conclusions: The PVI, PI, and other physiological parameters could potentially be useful for monitoring COVID-19 patients and evaluating their response to therapy. We believe that people who have been exposed to COVID-19 may be more susceptible to other diseases; therefore, they should be subjected to regular clinical checks.
