Antropoloji Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12514/66

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Tracing royal consumption and socio-symbolism through faunal remains: Zooarchaeology of Iron Age–Urartu Ayanis citadel, Eastern Turkiye
(Elsevier, 2024) Sıddıq, Abu Bakar; Işıklı, Mehmet
Despite having a research history of more than one and a half centuries, zooarchaeological investigations within Urartian archaeology are still very limited. This study marks a significant contribution presenting a comprehensive zooarchaeological dataset of 11,977 animal bones and fragments, primarily unearthed from a royal midden at the Urartian site of Ayanis citadel, Eastern Turkiye. The analysis encompasses species identification, age estimation, sex determination, and the identification of taphonomic and pathological changes. Rigorous measurements were taken to establish a robust zooarchaeological dataset. Logarithmic Size Index (LSI) was calculated to identify the morphological characteristics of Ayanis sheep, goats, and cattle, as well as potential sex-based exploitation of these animals. Contextualizing the results with faunal remains from contemporary Urartian sites including Bastam in Iran, and Karmir-Blur, Aramus and Horom in Armenia, this study presents hitherto overlooked archaeological evidence of animal-based consumption behavior and rituals, and possible animal taboos practiced by the Urartian royals and elites. It also offers new opportunities for comparative analyses and discussions for the biometric status of domestic livestock and animal-human interactions within the broader context of the Iron Age in the Lesser Caucasus and West Asia.
A heart-shaped bone artifact from Körtiktepe
(2020) Özkaya, Vecihi; Sıddıq, Abu Bakar
Along with the emergence of sedentary life, the Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) settlements brought revolutionary changes in production of material cultures as well as cultic and ritual activities, which are often argued to be associated with new waves of interactions between humans and their natural world. Körtiktepe of southeastern Turkey yielded by far the richest PPN assemblage in the world, standing among the very few earliest cultural and production centers which acted to be the predecessors of the development and spread of the Neolithic in West Asia. In this paper, we report a heart-shaped bone artifact which is one of the rarest finds in the extremely large cultural assemblage of Körtiktepe. The manufacture features indicate that the “heart-like” shape of this unique artifact was the product of intentional human activity. Overall archaeological context indicates its probable use as a bone pendant or amulet for the dead; providing the fact of its association with three early PPNA burials, many other ritual objects, and a large number of grave goods. Although difficult to argue for its association with the sense for “emotion”, “affection” or “love” in the present world, it is still significant that the unique specimen traces the symbolic presence and ritual use of the shape of a “heart” in West Asian prehistoric context back to the Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic of around 10000 cal BC.
Intra- and intercommunal rituals in the Upper Mesopotamian Pre-Pottery Neolithic: The beginning of organized religion?
(Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2020) Sıddıq, Abu Bakar; Özkaya, Vecihi
While a ‘faith system’ is mainly based on simple beliefs on certain supernatural forces, the ‘organized religion’ is characterized by a faith-based doctrine with standardize worships, a hierarchical structure, and organization of dogmatic rules and practices. Archaeologically the earliest belief system on supernatural forces dates back to 80,000 to 100,000 years BP. However, the senses of organized and inter-communal religious practices apparently evolved in Early Neolithic period, following the beginning of sedentary life throughout eleventh millennium BC. Since then, the ‘organized religion’ has been helping human individuals and different social groups to be valued parts of a greater “community”. Particularly different Early Neolithic sites in Southeast Anatolia including Körtik Tepe, Göbeklitepe, Hasankeyif Höyük, Nevali Çori and Çayönü Tepesi, along with some other contemporary sites in northern Syria, present the sign of inter-communal and regional-scale rituals practices, continued for millennia. People in these early sedentary villages often constructed large, round and subterranean cult buildings. Sometimes they were built with carved upright stone slabs, decorated with friezes of triangles, undulating lines, human figures, raptors, different types of dangerous animals as well as hybrid creatures of half human and half animal. Being the communal rather than individual or household interest—these spiritual centers became the focal points of group identities for over thousand years. Over time, these very early religious centers and sanctuaries became the promoter of inter-communal complex ritual systems, and the earliest form of ‘organized religion’. With the help of the examples of communal and inter-regional cult activities and symbolism at some of these remarkable archaeological sites, this study examines the position of Southeast Anatolia in the origin of ‘organized religion’ throughout the development of Neolithic culture in West Asia.
Animal Remains From Çakırbeyli-Küçüktepe Höyük Excavations, Western Anatolia
(ARMA Archaeologia Meandrica, 2023) Acar, Ayşe; Yaylalı, Serap
Çakırbeyli Küçüktepe Höyük is a mound site in western Anatolia, located 1.5 km north of Çakırbeyli village, Koçarlı district of Aydın province, Türkiye. This paper presents the first zooarchaeological report of the animal remains unearthed from the 2014-2016 excavations at Çakırbeyli-Küçüktepe Höyük. The aim was to record, identify and find animal-based subsistence at the site. Faunal assemblages from Early Bronze Age to Byzantine occupations of the site represents a total of 875 specimens were examined. The remains were identified by classifying them according to their genus and species. At first observation, representing 8 animal families, a total of 13 different species of mammals, reptiles and birds were identified. It appeared that Çakırbeyli- Küçüktepe people were both hunters and herders for their common subsistence. Although there were red deer, horses and cattle, sheep and goats (Ovicaprid) were found to be the most consumed species, comprising 89.60% of total identified specimens. Based on a few equid specimens, it appeared that horses were used at the site for transportation. The distribution of skeletal parts suggests on-site butchering practice. Heavy burn marks, especially around the edge, on a large number of bones suggest open fire or direct heat food processing. Overall, the identified species illustrate a mosaic of ecology and habitat exploitation as well as multiple aspects of humananimal relationships at Çakırbeyli-Küçüktepe Höyük.
“Konuşuyosak Ne Yababiliriz Kardeşim”: Twitter’da Konuşan Hayvanlar ve Türler Arası Yakınlık
(Kültür ve İletişim Dergisi, 2023) Semra Özlem Dişli
Sosyal medya, günümüz iletişim ve ilişki biçimlerinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu çalışma ise, sosyal medyada insan ve hayvan ilişkilerini incelemek üzere odağa alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda sosyal medya ağlarından Twitter, sahiplerinin kendi ev hayvanları adına oluşturdukları profiller ile öne çıkar. Çalışmaya da temel teşkil eden bu profillerin en dikkat çekici özelliği, buradaki hayvanların konuşturulmaları veya literatürde yer aldığı şekli ile bu profillerin “konuşan hayvanlara” ait olmasıdır. Çalışma kapsamında toplamda 19 Twitter konuşan hayvan profili ve bu profillerin 2021 ile 2022 yıllarına ait gönderileri incelenmiştir. İncelenen bu profillerde hayvanlar, kendilerine özgü bir üslup ile gündelik pratiklerini, insanlar ve diğer hayvanlar ile ilişki biçimlerini, duygu ve düşüncelerini anlatmaktadırlar. Bu yolla, insanlar ve hayvanlar arasındaki ilişkilerde etki yaratmayı hedefleyen bir anlatı inşa edilmektedir. Bu anlatıyı adlandırmak üzere “türler arası yakınlık” ifadesi kullanılmıştır. İnsan ve hayvanı birbirinden bağımsız iki ayrı varoluş olarak ele alan yerleşik yaklaşımların aksine türler arası yakınlık, bu ikisi arasındaki sürekliliği, yakınlığı ve etkileşimi vurgular. Twitter konuşan hayvan profillerinin inşa ettiği türler arası yakınlık anlatısının temelinde de hayvan öznelliğinin tanınması yer almaktadır. Hayvan öznelliği ise, hayvanların “neredeyse insan ama tamamen değil” olarak betimlenmesine dayanır. Twitter konuşan hayvan profillerini dil, gündelik hayat, sosyal çevreye üyelik ve duygular bağlamında inceleyen bu çalışma, hayvanlara yönelik anlamlandırma ve değerlendirmeler ile insan-hayvan ilişkileri üzerine düşünmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
KÖRTIKTEPE IN THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEOLITHIC IN UPPER MESOPOTAMIA
(Taylor and Francis, 2023) Özkaya, Vecihi; Sıddıq, Abu Bakar
The transition from Late Epipalaeolithic to early Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) (PPNA) was a gradual process that took a time span of over two millennia. When observing the development of material cultures of this time, it appeared that some long-lived busy Younger Dryas sedentary sites acted as centres of cultural and ritual trends, while comparatively smaller and younger sites followed these mainstream trends. To date, Tell Qaramel, Tell Mureybet and Tell Abu Hureyra in northern Syria and Körtik Tepe in southeastern Turkey revealed securely dated Younger Dryas occupations with permanent building traditions in Upper Mesopotamia. With many similarities and differences, wide practices of animal symbolism are observed at these sites-which likely promoted the development of extensive animal symbolism in the emergence of Neolithic. Körtik Tepe-with its highly skilled local hunter-gatherer community, complex symbolic practices, signs of local origins for many cultural traditions and the greatest concentration of material cultures-stands as an influencing Younger Dryas-Early Holocene centre that apparently directed the cultural trends throughout the emergence and development of the Neolithic in the Upper Tigris Basin. Some symbols at Körtik Tepe were unique and many other symbols were of supraregional characteristics. Here, with the help of settlement history, subsistence, burial practice and symbolic trends in regional-interregional context, we seek the position of Körtik Tepe in the origin and development of Neolithic in Upper Mesopotamia.
The Plain of Saints and Prophets: The Nusayri-Alawi Community of Cilicia (Southern Turkey) and its Sacred Places
(Cambridge University Press, 2011) Soileau, Mark
Gisela Procházka-Eisl and Stephan Procházka. The Plain of Saints and Prophets: The Nusayri-Alawi Community of Cilicia (Southern Turkey) and its Sacred Places. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2010. 404 pages, 61 color pictures. Cloth €68 ISBN 978–3-447–06178-0.
A genetic probe into the ancient and medieval history of Southern Europe and West Asia
(Science, 2022) Acar, Ayşe; Lazaridis, Iosif; Alpaslan, Songül; Açıkkol, Ayşen; Agelarakis, Anagnostis; Aghikyan, Levon; Davtyan, Ruben
Literary and archaeological sources have preserved a rich history of Southern Europe and West Asia since the Bronze Age that can be complemented by genetics. Mycenaean period elites in Greece did not differ from the general population and included both people with some steppe ancestry and others, like the Griffin Warrior, without it. Similarly, people in the central area of the Urartian Kingdom around Lake Van lacked the steppe ancestry characteristic of the kingdom's northern provinces. Anatolia exhibited extraordinary continuity down to the Roman and Byzantine periods, with its people serving as the demographic core of much of the Roman Empire, including the city of Rome itself. During medieval times, migrations associated with Slavic and Turkic speakers profoundly affected the region.
Ancient DNA from Mesopotamia suggests distinct Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic migrations into Anatolia
(Science, 2022) Acar, Ayşe; Lazaridis, Iosif; Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Songül; Açıkkol, Ayşen; Agelarakis, Anagnostis; Davtyan, Ruben
We present the first ancient DNA data from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Mesopotamia (Southeastern Turkey and Northern Iraq), Cyprus, and the Northwestern Zagros, along with the first data from Neolithic Armenia. We show that these and neighboring populations were formed through admixture of pre-Neolithic sources related to Anatolian, Caucasus, and Levantine hunter-gatherers, forming a Neolithic continuum of ancestry mirroring the geography of West Asia. By analyzing Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic populations of Anatolia, we show that the former were derived from admixture between Mesopotamian-related and local Epipaleolithic-related sources, but the latter experienced additional Levantine-related gene flow, thus documenting at least two pulses of migration from the Fertile Crescent heartland to the early farmers of Anatolia.
The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe
(Science, 2022) Acar, Ayşe; Lazaridis, Iosif; Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Songül; Açıkko, Ayşen; Agelarakis, Anagnostis; Davtyan, Ruben
Materials and Methods The materials and methods described here are for the combined study of the population history of the Southern Arc and pertain to the present study (which describe the entire dataset and analytically focuses on the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age periods), and two studies on Neolithic populations and the more recent history of the Southern Arc which employ the same analysis dataset and methods
Animal exploitation at the Olympos, southwestern Anatolia: Zooarchaeological analysis
(ScienceDirect, 2022) Onar, Vedat; Olcay-Uçkan, B. Yelda; Öztaşkin, Muradiye; Sıddıq, Abu Bakar; Öncü, Emre; Öztaşkin, Gökçen K.; Chrószcz, Aleksanderf
This study presents analysis of animal remains unearthed from 2006 to 2021 excavations at Olympos, an important city of ancient Lycia, southwestern Turkey. Seven faunal assemblages were unearthed from seven distinct areas of the city. Each of them was studied according to their distinct archaeological contexts. The zooarchaeological observation was based on taxonomic identification, species diversity, kill-off patterns, nature of bone modification, including taphonomic and anthropogenic marks, and type of species exploitation at the site. The results demonstrated that the majority of the specimens were consumption residues, comprising mainly of ungulate and carnivore mammals, birds and marine fish and mollusks. Goat remains were the most common in all the assemblages, which is consistent with common animal exploitation patterns in Anatolia. Fish bones mostly represented bonito (Sarda sarda), tuna (Thunnus thynnus) and shark (Carcharhinidae sp.). Among the mollusks, the shells of Triton trumpet, rarely found in the Roman-Byzantine Anatolia, were clearly used as trumpets. As Olympos was an important harbour with a strategic location by the Mediterranean Sea, its faunal remains shed new light on the coastal dietary habbit, animal economy, and cultural contacts in the Roman and Early Byzantine periods in Anatolia.
Adaptions in subsistence strategy to environment changes across the Younger Dryas-Early Holocene boundary at Kortiktepe, Southeastern Turkey
(Sage Journals, 2022) Emra, Stephanie; Benz, Marion; Sıddıq, Abu Bakar; Özkaya, Vecihi
The site of Körtiktepe in southeastern Turkey is one of few sites in the Upper Mesopotamia basin that attests continuous, permanent occupation across the boundary from end of the colder, drier Younger Dryas (YD) into the comparatively wetter and warmer Early Holocene (EH). This allows for the study of the degree of environmental change experienced on a local level over this boundary as well as for the study of the adaptations that the occupants of the site undertook in response to these changes. The mammal assemblage of Körtiktepe remains relatively stable across the YD – EH transition with the main contributors to diet being mouflon (Ovis orientalis) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in approximately the same quantities, although the contribution of aurochs (Bos primigenius) increases in the EH. The most significant changes can be seen in the shift in avifauna remains, with a sharp increase of waterbirds during the EH. It is proposed that these shifts reflect changes in the local environment with an increase in woodland cover as well as expansion of local waterways, which is generally consistent with previously published archaeobotanical studies. In terms of species exploited, mortality profiles as well as size distribution of mammals, a great deal of continuity is observed. This suggests that over this particular period the local impact of the beginning of the Early Holocene was not overly dramatic, allowing for cultural continuity of previously established subsistence strategies.
Common Animals for Elite Humans: the Late Ottoman Fauna from Mardin Fortress, Southeastern Anatolia (Turkey)
(SpringerLink, 2022) Sıddıq, Abu Bakar
This paper presents the frst investigation of animal remains unearthed from the Late Ottoman occupation at Mardin fortress, a military stronghold in Anatolian–Syrian frontier under Ottoman rule. The analysis produced 4234 specimens and carried out taxonomic identifcation, species diversity, kill-of patterns, and nature of bone modifcation, including those of taphonomic and cultural marks. Being the frst zooarchaeological study of an Ottoman occupation in southeastern Anatolia, the results add vital information to the paucity of archaeological knowledge of life and dietary habits of regional Ottoman elite soldiers, and ofer a glimpse into the local pastoralism and wildlife of that time.
Items of fun, utility and divination: The knucklebones from Oluz Höyük, north-central Anatolia (Turkey)
(ScienceDirect, 2022) Onar, Vedat; Sıddıq, Abu Bakar; Dönmez, Şevket
Knucklebones (i.e., culturally used astragali) are commonly encountered at many archaeological sites in Anatolia, ranging from the Neolithic to medieval period. Yet, very little is known about the cultural usages of these artifacts through time — as only scant attention has been paid to them. Here, we report a total of 590 even-toed ungulate knucklebones, unearthed from the 2008 to 2017 excavations at Oluz Höyük in north-central Anatolia (Turkey). The specimens were recorded from six cultural occupations, ranging from the Late Bronze Age (Hittite) to the medieval period. The highest number of knucklebones (72%) came from the Iron Age occupations — first associated with a Phrygian mother goddess (Matar Kubileya) temple, and later an early Zoroastrian fire temple complex (Cella) of Achaemenid occupation. Intense cultural marks such as perforating, piercing, polishing, smoothing, coloring, and metal casting were observed – indicating the specimens to be important cultural items with a variety of applications. About 85% of the specimens belonged to sheep and goats, whereas the rest came from cattle (9%), pigs (5%), deer (0.17%) and mouflon (0.85%) — suggesting that the inhabitants of all occupations at Oluz Höyük collected the knucklebones from the animals they commonly consumed. Being by far the first systematic observation of knucklebones from any archaeological site, the results of this study will add vital information to the very limited archaeological knowledge of knucklebones in Anatolia.
Length estimation of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) using vertebrae
(Wiley, 2022) Andrews, Adam J.; Mylona, Dimitra; Rivera-Charún, Lucia; Winter, Rachel; Onar, Vedat; Sıddıq, Abu Bakar; Tinti, Fausto; Morales-Muniz, Arturo
Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus; BFT) is a large (up to 3.3 m in length) pelagic predator which has been exploited throughout the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean since prehistoric times, as attested by its archeological remains. One key insight derivable from these remains is body size, which can indicate past fishing abilities, the impact of fishing, and past migration behavior. Despite this, there exists no reliable method to estimate the size of BFT found in archeological sites. Here, 13 modern Thunnus spp. skeletons were studied to provide power regression equations that estimate body length from vertebra dimensions. In modern specimens, the majority of BFT vertebrae can be differentiated by their morphological features, and thus, individual regression equations can be applied for each rank (position in vertebral column). In an archeological context, poor preservation may limit one's ability to identify rank; hence, “types” of vertebrae were defined, which enable length estimates when rank cannot be determined. At least one vertebra dimension, height, width, or length correlated highly with body length when vertebrae were ranked (R2 > 0.97) or identified to types (R2 > 0.98). Whether using rank or type, length estimates appear accurate to approximately ±10%. Finally, the method was applied to a sample of Roman-era BFT vertebrae to demonstrate its potential. It is acknowledged that further studies with larger sample sizes would provide more precision in BFT length estimates.
“Kemançe” ve “Mû-Zik”: Nusaybinli Domlarda Kimlik
(Folklor/Edebiyat, 2021) Dişli, Semra Özlem
Bu çalışmada Mardin’in Nusaybin ilçesinde yaşayan Domların kendilerini nasıltanımladıkları konu edilmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışma boyunca kendisinden hareketedilen kavram kimlik kavramıdır. Kimliğin ilişkisel olduğu kabul edilerekçalışmanın merkezini Domlar ile Nusaybin ilçe nüfusunun geri kalanı arasındakiilişkiler oluşturmaktadır. Bu ilişkilerin arakesitinde ise müzik yer alır. NusaybinliDomlar kendilerini öncelikli olarak müzisyen diye tanımlar ve öyle de tanımlanırlar.Nusaybinli Domların ana sazları ise rebap denen enstrümandır. Yerel dilde“kemançe” olarak adlandırılan rebap Domlar ile özdeşleşmiştir. Müzisyenlik vekemançe Dom kimliğinin oluşumundaki temel tartışma eksenini oluşturmaktadır.Çalışma boyunca kemançe bir maddi kültür öğesi olarak ele alınmakta olup Domkimliğinin oluşumunda kemançenin nasıl bir rol oynadığı soruşturulmaktadır. Buyolla çalışmanın açığa çıkarmayı hedeflediği temel mesele Dom kimliğinin nasılkurulduğudur. Bu temel meseleye ek olarak ayrıca maddi kültür aracılığıyla kişilerve nesneler arasındaki ilişki üzerine düşünülmesi de amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma,2011 – 2015 yılları ile 2018 – 2019 yılları arasında Mardin’in Nusaybin ilçesindeyaşayan Domlar ile yürütülen alan araştırmasına dayanmaktadır. Katılımlı gözlem ve derinlemesine görüşme tekniklerinin kullanıldığı bu alan araştırmasındaetnografik yöntem benimsenmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen alan araştırmasından hareketleçalışmada, kemançenin Dom kimliğinin oluşumundaki faillerden biri ve Domkimliğinin değişen bağlam ve durumlara göre yeniden biçimlenmeye açık olduğusonucuna varılmıştır.
Neden antropoloji? Aktivist antropoloji üzerine bir değerlendirme
(Antropoloji, 2021) Dişli, Semra Özlem
2020 yılının başından itibaren tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan COVID-19salgını ve salgın yöntemi ekolojik yıkım, iklim krizi, yoksulluk ile yerleşikeşitsizlik gibi mevcut birçok sorunu daha da görünür hale getirdi.Bu yazı da antropolojinin bu mevcut sorunların çözümüne nasıl katkısağlayabileceği üzerine düşünerek, aktivist antropoloji yaklaşımını konuedinmektedir. Bu bağlamda yazı konuyu üç aşamada ele almaktadır. İlkolarak disiplinin sınırlarına ilişkin genel bir değerlendirme yapılmaktadır.Bu değerlendirme aktivizm ile antropoloji arasındaki keskin ayrımdanhareket etmektedir. İkinci olarak ise toplumsal sorunların çözümüneyönelik antropoloji yaklaşımını ifade eden uygulamalı antropolojiyaklaşımı ele alınmaktadır. Uygulamalı antropolojinin ele alınmasındakiamaç, aralarındaki benzerlik ve farklılıkları yoluyla aktivist antropolojininanalizine zemin hazırlamaktadır. Nihayet, aktivist antropoloji incelenerekantropolojiyi kamusal bir ses ve sorumluluğa, dahası bir mücadele alanıhaline dönüştürme imkânın ortaya konması hedeflenmektedir
High level of fluctuating asymmetry in the Byzantine dogs from the Theodosius Harbor, Istanbul, Turkey
(Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 2021) Sıddıq, Abu Bakar; Parés-Casanova, Pere M.; Öncü, Ö. Emre; Kar, Hakan; Onar, Vedat
Asymmetry, the abnormality of an organism or a part of it from its perfect symmetry, is represented by three different categories: fluctuating asymmetry, directional asymmetry, and antisymmetry. Fluctuating asymmetry attributes to random developmental variation of a morphological character, whereas directional asymmetry attributes one of the body sides to be more prominent than the other. Antisymmetry appears whenever one body side of a biological body shows greater morphological appearance than the other. Since more environmental stress often produces greater effect of fluctuating asymmetry, it can be a good indicator of physiological stress in the morphological characteristic of a biological being. Applying, so far, the first geometric morphometric methods on any Byzantine fauna, this study aimed to determine the kind and direction of skull asymmetry occurred in Byzantine dog skulls. Aiming this, asymmetries in 16 adult Byzantine dog skulls unearthed form Yenikapı-Marmaray excavation (ancient Theodosius Harbor) in İstanbul, were compared with 39 adult skulls of modern pet dog breeds. Seventeen landmarks (3 midline and 14 bilateral) were selected on the digital pictures of the ventral aspect of each skull, and used for detailed analysis. The results showed a greater percentage of fluctuating asymmetry in the Byzantine dog skulls, suggesting them not to be the remains of pets or housed dogs but perhaps the labor or stray dogs in the Byzantine capital Constantinople.
Kemançe” and “Mû-Zik”: Identity in nusaybin doms
(Folklor/Edebiyat, 2021) Dişli, Semra Özlem
Bu çalışmada Mardin’in Nusaybin ilçesinde yaşayan Domların kendilerini nasıl tanımladıkları konu edilmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışma boyunca kendisinden hareket edilen kavram kimlik kavramıdır. Kimliğin ilişkisel olduğu kabul edilerek çalışmanın merkezini Domlar ile Nusaybin ilçe nüfusunun geri kalanı arasındaki ilişkiler oluşturmaktadır. Bu ilişkilerin arakesitinde ise müzik yer alır. Nusaybinli Domlar kendilerini öncelikli olarak müzisyen diye tanımlar ve öyle de tanımlanırlar. Nusaybinli Domların ana sazları ise rebap denen enstrümandır. Yerel dilde “kemançe” olarak adlandırılan rebap Domlar ile özdeşleşmiştir. Müzisyenlik ve kemançe Dom kimliğinin oluşumundaki temel tartışma eksenini oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma boyunca kemançe bir maddi kültür öğesi olarak ele alınmakta olup Dom kimliğinin oluşumunda kemançenin nasıl bir rol oynadığı soruşturulmaktadır. Bu yolla çalışmanın açığa çıkarmayı hedeflediği temel mesele Dom kimliğinin nasıl kurulduğudur. Bu temel meseleye ek olarak ayrıca maddi kültür aracılığıyla kişiler ve nesneler arasındaki ilişki üzerine düşünülmesi de amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma, 2011 – 2015 yılları ile 2018 – 2019 yılları arasında Mardin’in Nusaybin ilçesinde yaşayan Domlar ile yürütülen alan araştırmasına dayanmaktadır. Katılımlı gözlem ve derinlemesine görüşme tekniklerinin kullanıldığı bu alan araştırmasında etnografik yöntem benimsenmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen alan araştırmasından hareketle çalışmada, kemançenin Dom kimliğinin oluşumundaki faillerden biri ve Dom kimliğinin değişen bağlam ve durumlara göre yeniden biçimlenmeye açık olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
A cat skeleton from the balatlar church excavation, sinop, Turkey
(MDPI AG, 2021) Sıddıq, Abu Bakar; Onar, Vedat; Köroğlu, Gülgün; Armutak, Altan; Öncü, Öğül Emre; Chrószcz, Aleksander
In the 2015 excavation season, an east–west oriented burial (2015-Grave-14) built with large dimension stone blocks was unearthed on the south edge of “Area IVi” at the Balatlar Church in Sinop, on the northeastern Black Sea coast of Turkey. In this grave, which is dated between the end of the 6th century AD and the first half of the 7th century AD, a human skeleton was found with the head to the west and a cat skeleton was carefully placed next to the right femur. This study on the burial and the cat skeleton within it shows that, compared to the Roman period, the status of cats reached a higher level during the Byzantine period. It was found that alongside of being a pet, the Balatlar cat was a young healthy female individual that instinctively hunted rodents and birds, given that the remains of a rat and a sparrow were found in the region of the abdominal cavity, corresponding with the stomach location in the living animal. The grave presents the most significant direct archaeological evidence of a pet–human bond recorded at any Byzantine site so far.

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