Hamidiye alayları ve sosyo-politik etkileri (1890-1908)
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Geç dönem Osmanlı Devlet'inin tarihi, yakın zamana kadar bir gerileme perspektifinden anlatılagelmiştir. Devlet idaresindeki aksaklıklara işaret eden çoğunluğu Avrupa-merkezli bu anlatılar, modernleşen Avrupa karşısında durağan, kendini yenileyemeyen ve doğrusal olarak gerileyen bir Osmanlı Devleti anlatısını yeniden üretmiştir. Yakın dönemde yapılan çalışmalar bu sorunlu tarihsel yaklaşımı eleştirmiş ve gerileme anlatısını alaşağı etmiştir. 19. yüzyılın son on yılında Osmanlı merkezi idaresinin geliştirdiği yeni bir kurumsal mekanizma olan Hamidiye Alayları, Osmanlı Devlet mekanizmasının dinamizmini anlamak açısından bize çok önemli bir perspektif sunmaktadır. Hamidiye Alayları göçebe, yarı göçebe Sünni/Müslüman aşiretlerden teşkil edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda Hamidiye Alayları, Sultan II. Abdülhamid'in İttihad-ı İslam politikasına uygun hatta İttihad-ı İslam'ın milis güçleri olarak tasarlanmıştır. Bu minvalde, araştırmanın konusu, Sultan II. Abdülhamid tarafından Türk-Kürt-Arap aşiretlerinden teşkil edilmiş olan ve II. Abdülhamid'in kendi adını verdiği Hamidiye Alaylarının kuruluşu, amacı ve sosyo-politik yapıyı ne derece etkilediği ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma, 1890-1908 yıllarını kapsamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel kaynağı Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi olmuştur. Çalışmada, arşiv belgelerinden olabildiğince istifade edilmiştir. Bunun yanında bölgedeki İngiliz konsolosluk raporlarında Hamidiye Alaylarına ait belgeler büyük bir titizlikle işlenmiştir. Çalışma, 4 bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde Hamidiye Alaylarının kuruluşu, ikinci bölümde Hamidiye Alaylarının amacı, üçüncü bölümde Hamidiye Alaylarının yayılması ve merkezi otoriteye intibakı ve dördüncü bölümde Hamidiye Alaylarının toplumsal yapıya etkileri şeklinde ele alınmıştır.
The history of the late Ottoman Empire has been told from a perspective of decline until recently. These Europe-centered narratives, which point to problems in government, reproduced a narrative of the Ottoman Empire as a static, non-renewable state that regressed linearly during the modernization of Europe. Recent studies criticized this problematic historical approach and overthrew the decline narrative. The Hamidiye Regiments, a new institutional mechanism developed by the Ottoman central administration during the last decade of the nineteenth century, provide us with a very important perspective to understand the dynamism of the Ottoman State mechanism. Hamidiye Regiments were composed of nomadic, semi-nomadic Sunni/Muslim tribes. In this context, Hamidiye Regiments were designed based on the Islamic Union policy of Sultan Abdul Hamid II to serve as the militia forces of the Islamic Union. Thus, the topic of the present study was to scrutinize the foundation, objective and the effects of Hamidiye Regiments, named after Sultan Abduk Hamid II himself, and included the members of Turkish-Kurdish-Arab tribes, on socio-political structure. The study covered the period between 1890 and 1908. The main resource of the present study was the Turkish Prime Ministry Ottoman Archives. The present study aimed to peruse the archival documents as much as possible. Furthermore, the British consulate reports on Hamidiye Regiments were also utilized meticulously. The present study includes 4 sections. In the first section, the foundation of the Hamidiye Regiments was addressed, in the second section, the objectives of Hamidiye Regiments were discussed, in the third section, the expansion of Hamidiye Regiments and their adaptation to the central authority were scrutinized, and finally in the fourth section, the effects of the Hamidiye Regiments on social structure were discussed.
The history of the late Ottoman Empire has been told from a perspective of decline until recently. These Europe-centered narratives, which point to problems in government, reproduced a narrative of the Ottoman Empire as a static, non-renewable state that regressed linearly during the modernization of Europe. Recent studies criticized this problematic historical approach and overthrew the decline narrative. The Hamidiye Regiments, a new institutional mechanism developed by the Ottoman central administration during the last decade of the nineteenth century, provide us with a very important perspective to understand the dynamism of the Ottoman State mechanism. Hamidiye Regiments were composed of nomadic, semi-nomadic Sunni/Muslim tribes. In this context, Hamidiye Regiments were designed based on the Islamic Union policy of Sultan Abdul Hamid II to serve as the militia forces of the Islamic Union. Thus, the topic of the present study was to scrutinize the foundation, objective and the effects of Hamidiye Regiments, named after Sultan Abduk Hamid II himself, and included the members of Turkish-Kurdish-Arab tribes, on socio-political structure. The study covered the period between 1890 and 1908. The main resource of the present study was the Turkish Prime Ministry Ottoman Archives. The present study aimed to peruse the archival documents as much as possible. Furthermore, the British consulate reports on Hamidiye Regiments were also utilized meticulously. The present study includes 4 sections. In the first section, the foundation of the Hamidiye Regiments was addressed, in the second section, the objectives of Hamidiye Regiments were discussed, in the third section, the expansion of Hamidiye Regiments and their adaptation to the central authority were scrutinized, and finally in the fourth section, the effects of the Hamidiye Regiments on social structure were discussed.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Osmanlı Devleti, Sultan II. Abdülhamid, İttihad-ı İslam, Hamidiye Alayları, Aşiretler, Ottoman Empire, Sultan Abdul Hamid II, Islamic Union, Hamidiye Regiments, tribes, Tarih, History, Abdülhamid II, Abdülhamid II, Aşiret Mektebi, Tribal school, Aşiretler, Tribes, Hamidiye Alayları, Hamidiye Crowds, İslamcılık, Islamism
