Arapçada vasıf üslübü: Nahiv ve araştırması
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
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Dergi ISSN
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Yayıncı
Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Tasvir, konuşmalarda sıkça kullanılan yöntemlerden biri ve neredeyse konuşma sanatlarının tamamında eksik olmayan bir yöntemdir. Gazel, hakkında gazel yazılanın niteliklerini beyan etme ve ağıt da ölüye yapılan bir tür tasvirdır. Bu çalışmamız ile güzel ve anlamlı konuşmanın ve belagatin etki merkezleri ve sırlarına ulaşmaya çalıştık. Tasvir, tasvir edilene göre değişiklik gösterir. İnsanın iyi niteliklerinin sıralandığı tasvir "Övgü Vasfı" olarak nitelendirilirken, katı, olumsuz ve emredici hükümler içeren vasfa "Hüküm Tasvir" denir. Bir başka açıdan hayvanları tanımlayan ve Araplara özgü olan tanımlamalar da vardır. Doğa ise her iki türüyle de tavsif edilmiştir: Cahiliye dönemi şairlerin üstün olduğu "Katı (Statik) Doğa" ve sonrakilerin hünerli oldukları "Hareketli (Dinamik) Doğa". Ayrıca hissedilen "maddi tasvir" ve hayal edilen "manevi tasvir" çeşidi de vardır. Bütün bunlarda bu tür konuşmanın güzelliğini ortaya çıkaran durum ise Kur'an ve şiirden delillerle desteklenmiştir. Araştırmanın diğer bölümünde ise, tekli tasvir ve çoklu vasfın bütün şekilleri tasvirlerin biçimsel yönü ele alındı. Sıfatlarla sınırlı olan dil kurallarına uygun tasvirlerle yetinmeyip, sözdizimsel yeri ne olursa olsun, sıfat, haber, durum ve bu kategorilere dahil olan ve sıfat olarak kabul edilen her şey çalışmamıza dâhil edilmiştir. Tasvir edilenle alakalı tasvirin hükümleri değişebilir, öne alınıp geriye çekilebilir, vurgulanabilir, zikredilebilir ya da hazfedilebilir. Sıfatla alakalı tasvirin hükümleri, V dizilişi, sıralaması, kesilmesi, vurgulanması ve hazfine de yer verildi. Sıfat ile tasvir edilen arasındaki ilgiye ilişkin tasvir hükümlerinde fasıl, tasvir amaçları ve doğru tasvir ile yalan tasvir da tartışıldı. Bir önemli husus ise, tasvir yöntemi ve üslubu. Bu nedenle, tasvir iki bölüme ayırdım: • Doğrudan Tasvir: Tasvir edenin sıfatları her türlü mecaz, benzetme ve benzeri yöntemlerden uzak, doğrudan ve anlamlı bir şekilde verdiği tasvirdır. Yazar da abartıdan ve meseleleri gereğinden fazla abartıdan kaçınmaya çalışır. • Dolaylı tasvir: Burada yazar, teşbih sanatı dahil olmak üzere farklı metafor örnekleri, atasözü ve deyimler kullanır. Bazen de okuyucu etkilemek için abartıya ve mecaza başvurur
Description is one of the methods that is being used in a wide scale in speaking, almost no art of speech is devoid of description. For instance, Flirtation is a description of the one whom is being flirted. Lamentation is a description of the one who has passed away. So the research tries to reach the sources of influence in speaking and its secrets as well as the sources of the beauty and eloquence in speech. The description varies according to the thing that is being described. Many ways of desicription have been taken into consideration such as the supporting way which focuses on the good sides of the human being, another way which is the judgmental description which includes strict, negative and peremptory judgments. Also there is the description of animal which is a familiar type among Arabs. In addition to the above, there is the description of nature with its two types; First type, describing the inanimate nature in which the poets of the pre-Islamic era excelled, and descriping the animate nature in which the later poets excelled. There is a tangible material description and on the other hand there is imaginary abstract description, and both of them have been accompanied by Qur'anic and poetic evidences that unveil the beauty of this type of speech. As for the other side of the research, it has dealt with the formal aspect of the description, such as the description in the singular, and the description in bulk with its various parts bypassing the syntactic description that is limited to the adjective to include everything that is considered a description like predicate, adverb, and what falls under these categories regardless of its grammatical place of adjective. In addition to the descriptive conditions which is related to the described thing such as presenting the described, delaying it, limiting it, mentioning it and deleting it, There is also, the descriptive rulings related to the adjective, such as the succession of adjectives, their arrangement, cutting, sympathy, and deletion, and the descriptive rulings relating to VII the relationship between the adjective and the described thing such as separating them as well as the purposes of the description and the reality in the description. There is an important aspect, which is the method and the style of description, so the description has been divided into two parts: The first part, "the direct description" in which the descriptor bestows the attributes in a direct and expressive way far from metaphor and simile and their methods. As a result, the writer in this approach pays lots of efforts in order to avoid any kind of exaggeration. However, the second part, "the indirect description" the writer in this approach does his/her best to include similes, metaphors and proverbs in description trying to influence his/her readers.
Description is one of the methods that is being used in a wide scale in speaking, almost no art of speech is devoid of description. For instance, Flirtation is a description of the one whom is being flirted. Lamentation is a description of the one who has passed away. So the research tries to reach the sources of influence in speaking and its secrets as well as the sources of the beauty and eloquence in speech. The description varies according to the thing that is being described. Many ways of desicription have been taken into consideration such as the supporting way which focuses on the good sides of the human being, another way which is the judgmental description which includes strict, negative and peremptory judgments. Also there is the description of animal which is a familiar type among Arabs. In addition to the above, there is the description of nature with its two types; First type, describing the inanimate nature in which the poets of the pre-Islamic era excelled, and descriping the animate nature in which the later poets excelled. There is a tangible material description and on the other hand there is imaginary abstract description, and both of them have been accompanied by Qur'anic and poetic evidences that unveil the beauty of this type of speech. As for the other side of the research, it has dealt with the formal aspect of the description, such as the description in the singular, and the description in bulk with its various parts bypassing the syntactic description that is limited to the adjective to include everything that is considered a description like predicate, adverb, and what falls under these categories regardless of its grammatical place of adjective. In addition to the descriptive conditions which is related to the described thing such as presenting the described, delaying it, limiting it, mentioning it and deleting it, There is also, the descriptive rulings related to the adjective, such as the succession of adjectives, their arrangement, cutting, sympathy, and deletion, and the descriptive rulings relating to VII the relationship between the adjective and the described thing such as separating them as well as the purposes of the description and the reality in the description. There is an important aspect, which is the method and the style of description, so the description has been divided into two parts: The first part, "the direct description" in which the descriptor bestows the attributes in a direct and expressive way far from metaphor and simile and their methods. As a result, the writer in this approach pays lots of efforts in order to avoid any kind of exaggeration. However, the second part, "the indirect description" the writer in this approach does his/her best to include similes, metaphors and proverbs in description trying to influence his/her readers.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Doğu Dilleri ve Edebiyatı, Eastern Linguistics and Literature
