İmparatorluk ve Emirlik: Erdelan Emirliği Osmanlı ve İran İmparatorlukları arasında bir Kürt emirliği
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
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Yayıncı
Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu araştırmanın konusu Erdelan Emirliği'nin Osmanlı ve İran imparatorlukları (Safeviler, Afşarlar, Zendler ve Kaçarlar) ile olan münasebetleridir. On ikinci yüzyılın sonlarına doğru Şehrezor merkezli olarak kurulan Erdelan Emirliği Kürt emirlikleri içinde en önemli ve etkili olanlardan birisidir. On altıncı yüzyılın ortalarına kadar Şehrezor bölgesinde bağımsız ve yarı bağımsız bir şekilde varlık gösteren Erdelan Emirliği, Osmanlı ve Safevilerin Şehrezor'da hakimiyet kurmak için mücadele ettikleri dönemlerde bölgedeki dengelerinin oluşmasında büyük bir etkiye sahip olmuştur. Osmanlı-İran sınırında bulunan Erdelan Emirliği stratejik konumunun verdiği avantajı değerlendirerek ve adı geçen imparatorluklar arasında denge stratejisi izleyerek uzun süre siyasi varlık göstermeyi başarmıştır. On yedinci yüzyılın başlarında İran merkezi devletlerine bağlı olarak hakimiyetini sürdüren emirlik, İran'da yürütülen merkezileşme politikaları sonucunda Kaçarlar devrinde, 1867 yılında ortadan kaldırılmıştır. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde emirlik örgütlenmesinin doğru anlaşılması için Kürt toplumunda uzun süre varlık göstermiş olan aşiret kurumu incelenmiş, birçok aşiret ve aşiret konfederasyonunu bünyesinde barındıran ve aşiretin üst formu olarak değerlendirilen emirlik idaresi Erdelan Emirliği özelinde tartışılmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde İran-Erdelan, üçüncü bölümünde de Osmanlı-Erdelan münasebetleri; Osmanlı, İran ve Erdelan dönem kaynaklarına, arşiv belgelerine, araştırma eserlere ve seyyahların notlarına bağlı olarak irdelenmiştir. Erdelan Emirliği'ni diğer Kürt emirliklerinden ayıran önemli bir nokta, emirlik bünyesinde gelişen tarih yazıcılığı geleneğidir. Gerek Erdelan kaynakları ve gerekse Osmanlı-İran kaynakları çalışmanın literatür taraması bahsinde işlenmiş, adı geçen eserler genel hatlarıyla tanıtılmıştır. Erdelan mirlerini bölgenin etkili güçlerinden kılan temel faktörler; Osmanlı ve İran imparatorlukları arasında bulunmanın verdiği avantajı iyi değerlendirmeleri, Kürt aşiret kuvvetlerinin askeri desteğinden yararlanmaları ve Kürt coğrafyasının sağladığı doğal koruma özelliğini etkili kullanmalarıdır. Bunlar çalışmada ulaşılan temel sonuçlardır.
The subject of this research is the relations of the Emirate of Erdelan with the Ottoman and Iranian Empires (Safevids, Afshars, Zands and Qachars). The Emirate of Erdelan, founded in the late twelfth century, is one of the most important and influential among the Kurdish emirates. The Emirate of Erdelan, which had an independent and semi-independent presence in the Sharzor region until the middle of the sixteenth century, had a great influence in the formation of the balance in the region during the periods when the Ottomans and Safevids struggled to establish dominance in Sharzor. The Emirate of Erdelan, located on the Ottoman-Iranian border, had managed to maintain a political presence for a long time by taking advantage of its strategic position and pursuing a strategy of balance between the aforementioned empires. The emirate, which continued to dominate under the central states of Iran at the beginning of the seventeenth century, was abolished in 1867 as a result of centralization policies carried out in Iran during Qachar period. At the first part of the study, the tribal institution, which has long existed in Kurdish society, was examined in order to understand the organization of the emirate correctly, and the emirate administration that includes many tribal and tribal confederations and is considered as the upper form of the tribe was examined in the specialty of the Emirate of Erdelan. Iran-Erdelan relations were examined in the second part of the study and Ottoman-Erdelan relations in the third part on the basis of the Ottoman, Iranian and Erdelan period sources, archival documents, research works and notes of travellers. An important point that distinguishes the Emirate of Erdelan from the other Kurdish emirates is the tradition of historiography that develops in the emirate. Both Erdelan sources and Ottoman-Iranian sources were processed in the literature review of the study and the mentioned works were introduced in general terms. The main factors that make the emirs of Erdelan one of the effective local powers of the region; That they made use of the advantage of being among the Ottoman and Iranian empires, that they made use of military support of Kurdish tribal forces and that they used the natural protection provided by the Kurdish geography effectively. These are the main results of the study.
The subject of this research is the relations of the Emirate of Erdelan with the Ottoman and Iranian Empires (Safevids, Afshars, Zands and Qachars). The Emirate of Erdelan, founded in the late twelfth century, is one of the most important and influential among the Kurdish emirates. The Emirate of Erdelan, which had an independent and semi-independent presence in the Sharzor region until the middle of the sixteenth century, had a great influence in the formation of the balance in the region during the periods when the Ottomans and Safevids struggled to establish dominance in Sharzor. The Emirate of Erdelan, located on the Ottoman-Iranian border, had managed to maintain a political presence for a long time by taking advantage of its strategic position and pursuing a strategy of balance between the aforementioned empires. The emirate, which continued to dominate under the central states of Iran at the beginning of the seventeenth century, was abolished in 1867 as a result of centralization policies carried out in Iran during Qachar period. At the first part of the study, the tribal institution, which has long existed in Kurdish society, was examined in order to understand the organization of the emirate correctly, and the emirate administration that includes many tribal and tribal confederations and is considered as the upper form of the tribe was examined in the specialty of the Emirate of Erdelan. Iran-Erdelan relations were examined in the second part of the study and Ottoman-Erdelan relations in the third part on the basis of the Ottoman, Iranian and Erdelan period sources, archival documents, research works and notes of travellers. An important point that distinguishes the Emirate of Erdelan from the other Kurdish emirates is the tradition of historiography that develops in the emirate. Both Erdelan sources and Ottoman-Iranian sources were processed in the literature review of the study and the mentioned works were introduced in general terms. The main factors that make the emirs of Erdelan one of the effective local powers of the region; That they made use of the advantage of being among the Ottoman and Iranian empires, that they made use of military support of Kurdish tribal forces and that they used the natural protection provided by the Kurdish geography effectively. These are the main results of the study.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Tarih, History, Osmanlı tarihi, Ottoman history
