Seyfüddîn el-Âmidî'nin ahiret hayatı ile ilgili görüşleri
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Tarih
2021
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Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Âhiret hayatı, teologlar ve filozofların en çok tartıştığı konuların başında gelmektedir. İslâm düşünce sisteminde bu hayata dair ortaya çıkan aklî problemler araştırılıp çözümlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu noktada akıl-nakil sentezini amaçlayan müteahhir kelâmcıların âhiret anlayışları önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmamızda âhiret konularını detaylı ve etraflıca ele alan müteahhir dönemin önemli isimlerinden olan Seyfüddîn el-Âmidî mercek altına alınmıştır. Çalışmamızda kabir hayatı, yeniden diriliş konusu bağlamında iadenin imkânı, cismânî ve nefsânî diriliş ve ruh-beden ilişkisi irdelenmiştir. Âhiretin diğer evreleri olan hesap, amel defteri, mîzan, sırat ve kevser konuları incelenmiştir. Cennet ve cehennemin yaratılmışlığı ve Hz. Âdem'in meskûn olduğu cennetin mâhiyeti tartışması ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca âhiretin asıl gayesi olan ve mükelleflerin inanç ve davranışlarının bir karşılık bulmasını ifade eden mükâfat ve ceza konusu ele alınmış, mükâfat ve cezanın aklî zorunluluğu, büyük günah işleyenin tövbe etmeden affedilmesinin imkânı, şefaat ve ihbât-tekfir konuları araştırılmıştır. Âmidî, kabir hayatının dünya hayatıyla paralel olmadığını ve kendine özgü koşullara sahip olduğunu savunmuştur. Mutlak anlamda ma'dûmûn iadesinin imkânını savunmuş ve referans olarak ilk yaratılışı göstermiştir. Cevher ruhun ölümsüzlüğünü kabul etmekle birlikte ruh-beden bütünlüğünü savunarak dirilişin hem cismânî hem de nefsânî olacağını benimsemiştir. Âhiret evrelerinin temellendirilmesinde nakli esas almıştır. Aklen mümkün olan bu konuların te'vil edilmemesi gerektiğini savunmuştur. Mükelleflerin mükâfat ve cezasının aklî zorunluluğunu reddederek Allah'a vücûbiyetin nispet edilemeyeceğini ifade etmiştir. Bu bağlamda Allah'ın, büyük günah işleyip tövbe etmeyen mükellefleri affedebileceğini, şefaat edilmelerine izin verebileceğini savunmuştur. Âmidî, genel itibariyle Eş'arî çizgiyi takip etmiştir.
Afterlife is of the most discussed topics by theologians and philosophers. In Islamic system of thought, intelectual problems that rise regarding earthly life were investigated and tried to be solved. At this point, mutaakhkhir theologians' understanding of Afterlife, who aim to arrive at a synthesis of reason-narration duality, is of importance. In our study, Sayf al-Din al- Amidi, of the important names of the mutaakhkhir period, who dealt with issues pointing to Afterlife thoroughly and in detail, was focused on closely. In our study, life in grave, possibility of restore in the context of the issue of resurrection, corporeal and spiritual resurrection, and soul-body relationship were examined. The other phases of Afterlife, the reckoning, the book of deeds, the scale (mizan), Al-?ira? (the bridge leading to Paradise) and (pool of) kawthar are examined. Creation of Paradise and Hell and discussion of the nature of Paradise in which Prophet Adam was located are discussed. In addition, subject of reward and punishment, which contains the main purpose of Afterlife and which expresses the reciprocation of beliefs and behaviors of obligants, has been discussed, and furthermore, intelectual necessity of reward and punishment, possibility of pardoning major sinners without repentance, intercession, and the terms ihbat and takfir have been investigated. Al- Amidi argued that life in grave is not parallel to life of this world, and that it has unique conditions. He defended the possibility of restoring of the ma'dum (existence) in the absolute sense and showed the first creation as a reference. While accepting immortality of soul, which is the substance, he defended soul-body integrity and adopted that resurrection would be both bodily and spiritual. He based his thought on naql (narrations) in grounding the stages of Afterlife. He argued that these issues, which are possible by reason, should not be interpreted. He rejected intelectual necessity of reward and punishment over obligants, and stated that necessity cannot be attributed to Allah. In this context, he argued that Allah may forgive obligants who committed major sins and did not repent, and may allow them to receive intercession with Allah. Al- Amidi generally followed Ash'ari line except for some issues.
Afterlife is of the most discussed topics by theologians and philosophers. In Islamic system of thought, intelectual problems that rise regarding earthly life were investigated and tried to be solved. At this point, mutaakhkhir theologians' understanding of Afterlife, who aim to arrive at a synthesis of reason-narration duality, is of importance. In our study, Sayf al-Din al- Amidi, of the important names of the mutaakhkhir period, who dealt with issues pointing to Afterlife thoroughly and in detail, was focused on closely. In our study, life in grave, possibility of restore in the context of the issue of resurrection, corporeal and spiritual resurrection, and soul-body relationship were examined. The other phases of Afterlife, the reckoning, the book of deeds, the scale (mizan), Al-?ira? (the bridge leading to Paradise) and (pool of) kawthar are examined. Creation of Paradise and Hell and discussion of the nature of Paradise in which Prophet Adam was located are discussed. In addition, subject of reward and punishment, which contains the main purpose of Afterlife and which expresses the reciprocation of beliefs and behaviors of obligants, has been discussed, and furthermore, intelectual necessity of reward and punishment, possibility of pardoning major sinners without repentance, intercession, and the terms ihbat and takfir have been investigated. Al- Amidi argued that life in grave is not parallel to life of this world, and that it has unique conditions. He defended the possibility of restoring of the ma'dum (existence) in the absolute sense and showed the first creation as a reference. While accepting immortality of soul, which is the substance, he defended soul-body integrity and adopted that resurrection would be both bodily and spiritual. He based his thought on naql (narrations) in grounding the stages of Afterlife. He argued that these issues, which are possible by reason, should not be interpreted. He rejected intelectual necessity of reward and punishment over obligants, and stated that necessity cannot be attributed to Allah. In this context, he argued that Allah may forgive obligants who committed major sins and did not repent, and may allow them to receive intercession with Allah. Al- Amidi generally followed Ash'ari line except for some issues.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Din, Religion, Ahiret, Hereafter, Biyografi, Biography, Diriliş, Resurrection, Eş`ari, Eş`ari, Kabir hayatı, The grave life, Ruh, Spirit, Seyfeddin Amidi, Seyfeddin Amidi, Öldükten sonra dirilme, Beyond resurgence, İslamiyet, Islam
