Nahiv ile belagatta harf-i cerlerin hazfedilmesi olgusu
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Mardin Artuklu Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmada, "Nahiv ve Belagat Çerçevesinde Harf-i Cerlerin İskatı" olgusu ele alınmıştır. Söz konusu ıstılahın ihtisas alanı olan kişiler dışındaki bireyler tarafından kullanımı azalmıştır. "Nez'u'l-Hâfid", kadim ve modern dilciler tarafından harf-i cerin hazfedilmesi anlamında kullanımı yaygın olan Kufilere ait bir nahiv terimidir. Çalışmamızda, kelimenin sözlük ve terim anlamına ışık tutup nahiv geleneğinde doğuşundan bahsedilmiştir. Nitekim terimin pek çok kullanım alanları hakkındaki nahiv, belagat ve tefsir âlimlerinin görüşleri de "et-tadmîn" üzere açıklanmış olup, alimlerin "Nez'u'l-Hâfid" ile ilgili deliller hakkındaki görüşleri çeşitlilik arz etmektedir. Nahiv âlimleri bu çerçevedeki bazı belagat konularına işaret etseler de belagat âlimleri yalnızca harflerin hazfedilmesi başlığı altında harf-i cerin hazfedilmesi olarak bu konuya değinmişlerdir. Harfi cerlerin hazfedilmesinin arkasındaki anlamaların belagat açısından türleri ve belaği referansları tefsir kitaplarında dağınık bir şekilde zikredilmiştir. Bu sebeple bu araştırmanın edindiği nahiv materyalleri belagat materyallerinden daha fazladır ve bir belagat araştırmasından çok nahiv konusunda yapılan bir araştırmaya daha yakındır. Arapça cümle yapısına göre bir kelimenin hazfedilmesi, anlam karmaşasına yol açmadığı sürece konuşmanın kısa ve öz olmasını sağlar. Bu nedenle dilsel yapının bütünlüğünü korumaya çalışan nahiv kuralları ile cümlenin anlam bütünlüğünün ve güzelliğinin korunmasını hedefleyen belagat kuralları iç içe girmiş durumdadır. Öyle ki bu kurallar manzumesini birbirinden ayırmak güç olabilir. Araştırma, dil bütünlüğünü koruyup kaideye meyletmeksizin bilimsel ve mantıklı bir metot ve kolay bir dil ile kastedilen manayı vermeyi hedefleyen bütüncül bir şekilde nahiv ilmi ile belagat ilmi arasında bağ kuracaktır. "Nez'u'l-Hâfid" terimi kullanıldığında nesne olduğu için bir ismin nasp edilmesi akla gelmektedir. Modern nahiv âlimleri, tefsir alimleri ve belagat alimlerinin çoğu harf-i cerin hazfedilmesi çerçevesinde bu anlam ile yetinmektedirler. Nez'u'l-Hâfid olgusu, fiilin etkisinin nesneye direkt olarak tesir etmesi şeklinde değerlendirmiş ve lazım fiilde hazfedilen harf-i cerden sonraki ismi mecâzi mefulün bih olarak görülmüşmüş ve çoğu zaman bu durum semai kaidelerle sınırlandırılmıştır. Lakin bu olguyu inceleyen kişi hazfedilen harf-i cerden sonraki ismin farklı şekillerde geldiğini fark etmiştir. Harf-i cer hazfedildikten sonra isim mefulün bih dışında başka bir gerekçe ile nasp edilebilir. Örneğin; mefulün lieclih, mefulün fih (zarf), temyîz, mefulün me'ah vb.. Harf-i cer hazfedildikten sonra isim mecrur olarak kalıp bulunduğu mahal nasp yahut cer olma ihtimalini taşır. Nahiv, tefsir ve balagat âlimlerinin bu konudaki görüşleri farklılık arz edip bu olgu konusunda; cevaz, men, sema, kıyas, Kur'an kıraatleri ve delilleri ile hazfedilen harften sonra isme anlam verme konusunda çeşitli sözleri bulunmaktadır. Araştırma, bakış açıları ve görüşleri detaylandırıp tercih edilen güçlü görüşü delillere dayanarak ele alınmıştır. Etken olanın lafzî hazf mi manevi hazf mi olduğu konusunu da ayrıca işlenmiştir. Ayrıca harf-i cer hazfedildikten sonra mensup ismin konumunu tayin etme ile kiyasi yahut semai olarak hazfedilmesi caiz olan ve olmayan konumları ele alınmıştır. O halde bu olgu, harf-i cerin hazfedilmesi sonrası ismin mefulün bih olması gerekçesiyle nasp edilmesiyle sınırlı olmayıp bilakis harf-i cerin hazfedinden sonra ismin birden farklı yollarla nasp edilebileceğini de gösteriyor. Öte yandan harf-i cer hazfedildikten sonra isim mecrur olarak da kalabilir yahut isim hem nasp hem cer konumunda olma ihtimali taşıyabilir. Tabi tüm bunlar yerine göre değişiklik arz eden belli kurallar, sebepler, amaçlar ve anlamlar çerçevesinde gerçekleşmektedir. Harf-i cerin hazfedilmesinin ardında yüksek belaği sırlar yattığı, bağlamlarında hoş anlamlar olduğu bir gerçektir. Buna karşın bu anlamları insanın bir çırpıda anlaması da düşünülemez. Bilakis sözün içerdiği belaği latifeleri ve ifade sırlarını anlamak için fikir yürütmek ve üzerinde iyice düşünmek gerekmektedir.
The research deals with the phenomenon of " deletion of preposition in syntax and rhetoric". The term (deletion of preposition) is one of the grammatical terms that have been rarely used but by specialists. It is a Kofi term used by the ancient and moderns alike to denote the deletion of the preposition. The research highlights its meaning in language and idiom, and presents its emergence in the syntactic heritage, and the opinions of grammarians, rhetorics and interpreters have taken in interpreting many of its positions as inclusion. There have been many schools of grammarians in the different syntactical aspects of the quotations that could be considered deletion of preposition, pointing to some of its rhetorical purposes. As for the rhetoricians, they did not discuss the deletion of preposition except in their talk about the deletion of letters - including the deletion of the preposition. But the rhetorical hints about the meanings and purposes of deleting the preposition were scattered in the books of the interpreters and their rhetorical references. Therefore, the material of this research in grammar was much broader than it is in rhetoric, and it was closer to grammatical study than to rhetoric. Then the omission in the structure of the Arabic sentence results in brevity and lightness in speech, providing that it does not create confusion in the meaning or misunderstanding in the speech. Hence, the grammatical conditions that seek the integrity of the linguistic structure and the rhetorical conditions that seek the integrity and beauty of the meaning overlap in a way that may be difficult to separate between them. The research will seek to link the science of syntax and the science of rhetorical semantics in an integrated manner aimed at the integrity of the linguistic structure and highlighting the intended meaning without bias to the rule away from the meaning in a scientific logical manner and an easy language. When the term "deletion of preposition" is used, it comes to mind that the noun is in accusative case as an object. Most of the late grammarians, interpreters, and rhetoricians have confined themselves to this case of omitting the preposition and they made it as a matter of delivering the verb directly to its object or object. So they put the noun after deleting the preposition on the accusative case as an object figuratively (unreal object) in intransitive verbs, and they mostly limit it to hearing, such as the object of reason, the adverb (time and place), the distinction, the concomitate object, and others. The preposition may be omitted, and the noun after it remains in genitive, or it may take the place of the accusative or the genitive case. The schools of grammarians, rhetoricians, and interpreters differ, and their sayings and opinions vary in judging this phenomenon between permissibility or prohibition, hearing and analogy, and in the different syntactical aspects of the Qur'anic readings (Alqira'at) and its quotations, and in directing the name after omission. The research will attempt to discuss in detail the different viewpoints and schools and give preference to the strong viewpoint or school to the weak one according to the argument or evidence and the research in the factor after deletion whether it is verbal or abstract, and in directing the accusative noun after deleting the preposition, and clarifying the most famous places in which it is permissible to omit the preposition in hearing or analogy, or in which the omission is prevented. So, the deletion of the preposition is not limited to the noun after prepositions being in accusative case as an object only, but the preposition may be deleted and the noun after prepositions is in accusative case as several cases or aspects, or it is deleted and the noun after it remains genitive, or it may be deleted and the place of the noun after it may be in accusative or genitive case. All this requires conditions, justifications, purposes and meanings that differ according to the situation. It is obvious that the deletion of preposition has high rhetorical secrets, and its contexts have good tastes, and yet the awareness of these rhetorical secrets is not accessible to a person from a rushed gaze. Rather, to realize it, it is necessary to set the trigger on the thought, to activate the mind, to perpetuate the sight, and to stimulate the sensation for what the context suggests about the kind rhetoric and the secrets of the statement.
The research deals with the phenomenon of " deletion of preposition in syntax and rhetoric". The term (deletion of preposition) is one of the grammatical terms that have been rarely used but by specialists. It is a Kofi term used by the ancient and moderns alike to denote the deletion of the preposition. The research highlights its meaning in language and idiom, and presents its emergence in the syntactic heritage, and the opinions of grammarians, rhetorics and interpreters have taken in interpreting many of its positions as inclusion. There have been many schools of grammarians in the different syntactical aspects of the quotations that could be considered deletion of preposition, pointing to some of its rhetorical purposes. As for the rhetoricians, they did not discuss the deletion of preposition except in their talk about the deletion of letters - including the deletion of the preposition. But the rhetorical hints about the meanings and purposes of deleting the preposition were scattered in the books of the interpreters and their rhetorical references. Therefore, the material of this research in grammar was much broader than it is in rhetoric, and it was closer to grammatical study than to rhetoric. Then the omission in the structure of the Arabic sentence results in brevity and lightness in speech, providing that it does not create confusion in the meaning or misunderstanding in the speech. Hence, the grammatical conditions that seek the integrity of the linguistic structure and the rhetorical conditions that seek the integrity and beauty of the meaning overlap in a way that may be difficult to separate between them. The research will seek to link the science of syntax and the science of rhetorical semantics in an integrated manner aimed at the integrity of the linguistic structure and highlighting the intended meaning without bias to the rule away from the meaning in a scientific logical manner and an easy language. When the term "deletion of preposition" is used, it comes to mind that the noun is in accusative case as an object. Most of the late grammarians, interpreters, and rhetoricians have confined themselves to this case of omitting the preposition and they made it as a matter of delivering the verb directly to its object or object. So they put the noun after deleting the preposition on the accusative case as an object figuratively (unreal object) in intransitive verbs, and they mostly limit it to hearing, such as the object of reason, the adverb (time and place), the distinction, the concomitate object, and others. The preposition may be omitted, and the noun after it remains in genitive, or it may take the place of the accusative or the genitive case. The schools of grammarians, rhetoricians, and interpreters differ, and their sayings and opinions vary in judging this phenomenon between permissibility or prohibition, hearing and analogy, and in the different syntactical aspects of the Qur'anic readings (Alqira'at) and its quotations, and in directing the name after omission. The research will attempt to discuss in detail the different viewpoints and schools and give preference to the strong viewpoint or school to the weak one according to the argument or evidence and the research in the factor after deletion whether it is verbal or abstract, and in directing the accusative noun after deleting the preposition, and clarifying the most famous places in which it is permissible to omit the preposition in hearing or analogy, or in which the omission is prevented. So, the deletion of the preposition is not limited to the noun after prepositions being in accusative case as an object only, but the preposition may be deleted and the noun after prepositions is in accusative case as several cases or aspects, or it is deleted and the noun after it remains genitive, or it may be deleted and the place of the noun after it may be in accusative or genitive case. All this requires conditions, justifications, purposes and meanings that differ according to the situation. It is obvious that the deletion of preposition has high rhetorical secrets, and its contexts have good tastes, and yet the awareness of these rhetorical secrets is not accessible to a person from a rushed gaze. Rather, to realize it, it is necessary to set the trigger on the thought, to activate the mind, to perpetuate the sight, and to stimulate the sensation for what the context suggests about the kind rhetoric and the secrets of the statement.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Doğu Dilleri ve Edebiyatı, Eastern Linguistics and Literature, Arapça, Arabic, Belagat, Eloquence, Harf-i cerr, Harf-i cerr, Hazif, Hazf, Söz dizim, Syntax
