Avrupa'ya Sürgün Edilen Endülüs Müslümanları'na (Moriskolar) Osmanlı Devleti'nin Yardımı (XVII. Asır)
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2013
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XV. asrın son çeyreğine girildiğinde Endülüs İslâm coğrafyası dahilî çekişmeler içerisinde boğuşurken, düşmanları olan Hıristiyan krallıkları arasında Reconquista'yı (İspanya'yı yeniden ele geçirme) tamamlamak amacıyla güçlü bir ittifak gerçekleşmiştir. Aragon kralı ve Kastilya kraliçesinin evlilikleriyle oluşan bu ittifaktan sonra, Endülüs'ün son başkenti Gırnâta şehri işgâl edilerek (1492), Müslümanlar'ın İspanya'daki siyâsî ve askerî varlıklarına tamamen son verilmiştir. İşgalden kısa bir süre sonra da yüzbinlerce Müslüman ülkelerinde "parya" durumuna düşürülüp, baskıyla din değiştirmeleri sağlanmıştır. Hıristiyan olmak zorunda bırakılan ve "Moriscos" olarak adlandırılan Endülüs Müslümanları, İspanyol resmî ve dinî çevrelerince daima "öteki, öteki medeniyete" ait olarak görülmüşlerdir. Bu sebeple başlatılan asimilasyon çabalarına rağmen bir türlü "iyi birer Katolik" olmayan ve İspanya'nın düşmanlarıyla (Osmanlı, Fransa ve Kuzey Afrika'daki hanedanlıklar) ortak hareket eden bu insanların, İspanya'da sökülüp atılması için nihâi "toplu sürgün" kararı alınmıştır (Nisan 1609). Bu karardan sonra Müslümanlar, Avrupa üzerinden İslâm topraklarına göç etmeye başlamıştır. Bilhassa, Fransa ve Venedik üzerinden yapılan göçlerin sağlılıklı yapılması için Osmanlı devletinin başlattığı diplomatik girişimler sonuç vermiş ve onbinlerce Endülüs Müslümanı ölümden kurtarılmıştır
As the fifteenth century entered its last quarter Islamic al-Andalus was drowned in internal controversies whereas on the other hand the Christians brought about a powerful alliance between the kingdoms with the aim of concluding the military phase of the Reconquista, that is, the reconquest of Spain. After this alliance, which was established through the marriage of the King of Aragon and the Queen of Castile, the political and military presence of the Muslims in Spain reached an end with the occupation of Granada, the last capital of al-Andalus. Shortly after the occupation hundreds of thousands of Muslims were reduced to "pariah" status within their own country and were made to change their faith under pressure. The Muslims of al-Andalus who looked Christian from the outside and who did what was asked of Christians were called "Moriscos" and were always seen as "the other" and "the other civilisation" in official and religious circles. When these people who despite all efforts in that direction became in no way "good Catholics" and who made common cause with the enemies of Spain (the Ottomas, the French and the dynasties in North Africa) a decision was taken eventually, in April 1609, to send them into "collective exile" in order to sever them from their roots. Following this decision tens of thousands of Muslims began to emigrate via Europe to Muslim lands. Diplomatic initiatives that the Ottoman State initiated in order to ensure the proper running of the emigration, especially via France and Venice, bore fruit and saved from death tens of thousands of Muslims from al-Andalus
As the fifteenth century entered its last quarter Islamic al-Andalus was drowned in internal controversies whereas on the other hand the Christians brought about a powerful alliance between the kingdoms with the aim of concluding the military phase of the Reconquista, that is, the reconquest of Spain. After this alliance, which was established through the marriage of the King of Aragon and the Queen of Castile, the political and military presence of the Muslims in Spain reached an end with the occupation of Granada, the last capital of al-Andalus. Shortly after the occupation hundreds of thousands of Muslims were reduced to "pariah" status within their own country and were made to change their faith under pressure. The Muslims of al-Andalus who looked Christian from the outside and who did what was asked of Christians were called "Moriscos" and were always seen as "the other" and "the other civilisation" in official and religious circles. When these people who despite all efforts in that direction became in no way "good Catholics" and who made common cause with the enemies of Spain (the Ottomas, the French and the dynasties in North Africa) a decision was taken eventually, in April 1609, to send them into "collective exile" in order to sever them from their roots. Following this decision tens of thousands of Muslims began to emigrate via Europe to Muslim lands. Diplomatic initiatives that the Ottoman State initiated in order to ensure the proper running of the emigration, especially via France and Venice, bore fruit and saved from death tens of thousands of Muslims from al-Andalus
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Endülüs, Osmanlı Devleti
Kaynak
Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
12
Sayı
4
