MİSTİK VE İDEOLOJİK SÖYLEM BAĞLAMINDA BABA İSHÂK VE MAHMUD TARABÎ İSYANLARININ MÜŞTEREK ZEMİNİ
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Tarih
2022
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Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
7./13. asır başlarından itibaren Moğol istilasının oluşturduğu panik ve anarşi ortamı, İslam dünyasında onlara karşı koyacak bir “kurtarıcı” bekleme düşüncesini kuvvetlendirmiş, bu çerçevede peygamber ve mehdi figürlü bazı ayaklanma hadiseleri vuku bulmuştur. Bu tür isyanlara iştirak eden ve dönem itibariyla İslamiyet’in kitabî esaslarını kavrama konusunda isteksiz görünen göçebe Türkler, farklı coğrafyalarda eş zamanlı olarak meydana gelen Baba İshâk ve Mahmud Tarabî isyanlarına da kitlesel bir teveccüh göstermişlerdir. Türklerin katılımıyla bastırılması güç bir boyuta evrilen bu isyanlar, resmî ideoloji ile göçebe kitleler arasında zihinsel ve duygusal uçurumların oluşmasına, derviş dindarlığı ile medrese skolastiği arasındaki rekabet ve çekişmenin daha da derinleşmesine sebep olmuştur. Her iki isyandaki ortak söylemler, aslında önceki dönemlerde Türklerin iştirak ettiği dini karakterli isyanlarla benzeşir. Bâbek elHürremî ve Mukanna el-Horasanî isyanları buna verilecek en önemli iki örnektir. Bu toplumsal hadiselerin hemen hepsinde isyanın liderleri şahsında ulûhiyet ve peygamberlik figürleri ile tezyin edilen bir Müslüman Şaman karakteri kendini göstermiş ve her biri, bir önceki neslin belleğinin sonraki nesle aktarılmasının bir tezahürü şeklinde ortaya çıkmıştır. Gerek Tarabî gerekse Babaî isyanında aynı argümanların kullanılmış olması dikkat çekicidir. İsyanların birbirine yakın kronolojisi, ortak söylemleri ve birbiriyle önemli ölçüde benzeşen lider portresi, her iki hareketin aynı sözlü bellekten beslendiğine işaret etmektedir. Her ne kadar ayaklanmaların ayırt edici özellikleri hakkında çok az şey bilinse de resmî ideolojinin savunucuları olan dönemin müellifleri eliyle tutulan kayıtlarda gerek Mahmud Tarabî gerekse Baba İshak birer sahtekâr, onlara uyanlar da cahil güruhlar olarak tasvir edilir. Bu makalede, Orta Çağ’da aynı tarihte farklı coğrafyalarda meydana gelmiş bulunan dini nitelikli iki isyanın karşılaştırmalı analizi yapılarak her ikisinin beslendiği müşterek bellek ve söylemler ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır.
The atmosphere of panic and anarchy caused by the Mongol invasion from the beginning of the 7/13th century strengthened the idea of waiting for a “saviour” to oppose them in the Islamic world. In this context, some rebellions with figures of the Prophet and the Mahdī took place. Nomadic Turks, who participated in such revolts and seemed reluctant to grasp the academic principles of Islam in the period, showed a massive favour to the revolts of Baba İshak and Mahmud Tarabi, which took place simultaneously in different geographies. These revolts evolved into a dimension that was difficult to suppress with the participation of the Turks and caused the formation of mental and emotional gulfs between the official ideology and the nomadic masses. In addition, the rivalry and contention between dervish piety and madrasa scholasticism deepened even more. The common discourses in both rebellions are actually similar to the religious rebellions that the Turks participated in the previous periods. Bābak al-Khurramī and Muqanna‘ alKhorasānī revolts are the two most important examples of this. In almost all of these social events, the character of a Muslim Shaman in the person of the leaders of the rebellion and decorated with the figures of divinity and prophethood showed himself. Thus, each emerged as a manifestation of the transmission of the memory of the previous generation to the next generation. It is remarkable that the same arguments were used in both the Tarabi and Babai revolts. The close chronology of the revolts, their common discourse and the highly similar portrait of leaders indicate that both movements were fed from the same verbal memory. Although little is known about the distinctive features of the uprisings, in the records kept by the authors of the period who were the defenders of the official ideology, both Mahmud Tarabi and Baba İshak are described as imposter, and those who followed them as ignorant crowds. In this article, a comparative analysis of two religious revolts that took place in different geographies on the same date in the Middle Ages will be made. In addition, the common memory and discourses on which both are fed will be tried to be revealed.
The atmosphere of panic and anarchy caused by the Mongol invasion from the beginning of the 7/13th century strengthened the idea of waiting for a “saviour” to oppose them in the Islamic world. In this context, some rebellions with figures of the Prophet and the Mahdī took place. Nomadic Turks, who participated in such revolts and seemed reluctant to grasp the academic principles of Islam in the period, showed a massive favour to the revolts of Baba İshak and Mahmud Tarabi, which took place simultaneously in different geographies. These revolts evolved into a dimension that was difficult to suppress with the participation of the Turks and caused the formation of mental and emotional gulfs between the official ideology and the nomadic masses. In addition, the rivalry and contention between dervish piety and madrasa scholasticism deepened even more. The common discourses in both rebellions are actually similar to the religious rebellions that the Turks participated in the previous periods. Bābak al-Khurramī and Muqanna‘ alKhorasānī revolts are the two most important examples of this. In almost all of these social events, the character of a Muslim Shaman in the person of the leaders of the rebellion and decorated with the figures of divinity and prophethood showed himself. Thus, each emerged as a manifestation of the transmission of the memory of the previous generation to the next generation. It is remarkable that the same arguments were used in both the Tarabi and Babai revolts. The close chronology of the revolts, their common discourse and the highly similar portrait of leaders indicate that both movements were fed from the same verbal memory. Although little is known about the distinctive features of the uprisings, in the records kept by the authors of the period who were the defenders of the official ideology, both Mahmud Tarabi and Baba İshak are described as imposter, and those who followed them as ignorant crowds. In this article, a comparative analysis of two religious revolts that took place in different geographies on the same date in the Middle Ages will be made. In addition, the common memory and discourses on which both are fed will be tried to be revealed.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Baba İshâk, Mahmud Tarabî, Baba İlyas, Mukanna el-Horasanî, İbn Bibî, Cüveynî., Baba İshak, Mahmud Tarabi, Baba İlyas, Muqanna‘, Ibn Bībī, Juwaynī.
Kaynak
Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
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Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Selçukoğlu, Ahmet . "MİSTİK VE İDEOLOJİK SÖYLEM BAĞLAMINDA BABA İSHÂK VE MAHMUD TARABÎ İSYANLARININ MÜŞTEREK ZEMİNİ". Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi / 103 (Eylül 2022): 227-243 .
Bağlantı
https://doi.org/10.34189/hbv.103.011
https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85142230495&origin=SingleRecordEmailAlert&dgcid=raven_sc_affil_en_us_email&txGid=74168f83e55435254d6a3b7280afa741
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12514/3330
https://search.trdizin.gov.tr/tr/yayin/detay/1124677/mistik-ve-ideolojik-soylem-baglaminda-baba-ishak-ve-mahmud-tarabi-isyanlarinin-musterek-zemini
https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85142230495&origin=SingleRecordEmailAlert&dgcid=raven_sc_affil_en_us_email&txGid=74168f83e55435254d6a3b7280afa741
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12514/3330
https://search.trdizin.gov.tr/tr/yayin/detay/1124677/mistik-ve-ideolojik-soylem-baglaminda-baba-ishak-ve-mahmud-tarabi-isyanlarinin-musterek-zemini
